Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

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问题 Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers all the major points of the article.
                 家庭环境因素对儿童健康的影响
    没有哪一个地方像家那么重要?真的吗?世卫组织的一项新研究确定了危及儿童健康的家庭环境因素。世卫科学家们在报告中指出,欧洲婴幼儿和儿童多达90%的时间是在家中度过的,家庭环境从很多方面影响着儿童健康。该研究对世卫组织欧洲区的8个城市就住房、健康状况等进行了全面的分析和回顾。这八个城市分别是:法国的安格斯、德国的波恩、斯洛伐克的布拉迪斯拉发、匈牙利的布达佩斯、葡萄牙的佛雷拉、意大利的福尔姆、瑞士的日内瓦、立陶宛的维尔纽斯,以及后来加入的吉尔吉斯斯坦的奥沙。
    根据这份报告,虽然家常常被认为是对儿童而言最安全的地方,家却包藏了各种有害的环境因素:霉菌、噪声、环境烟草烟气、家用固体燃料燃烧、不洁用水、铅中毒及意外事故。下面是研究中的部分结果。
    潮湿环境促使霉菌生长,从而导致儿童呼吸系统疾病。床垫上10 ug/g的尘螨含量对11岁以前双亲有过敏性哮喘的儿童而言发病危险要增加五倍。50%以上哮喘患儿都有由猫、狗引发的病症。
    环境烟草烟气(ETS)、室内固体燃料的燃烧、潮湿环境、尘螨颗粒及宠物脱落的毛屑都构成了对儿童呼吸的主要威胁。在世卫组织欧洲区,据估计,每年有5万以上0~4岁儿童死于由室内污染导致的急性下呼吸道感染。在该地区,总体上说,使用固体燃料是室内空气污染的最大来源,在同年龄组中因此而死亡的病例有1万例之多。
    睡眠质量也与健康状况有关。睡眠受到噪声干扰的儿童患偏头痛的概率是免受噪声干扰儿童的120%,并且这些儿童中90%以上极有可能伴有呼吸系统功能紊乱。
    在所调查的8个城市中,1%的儿童家中没有水源,12%的儿童家中没有热水。虽然该数字因城市不同而变化,但还没有一个城市的所有儿童都可以在其住所用上热水。
    对儿童健康最严重的威胁之一是铅中毒。在老房子里,油漆和管道焊接处都有铅。禁止使用含铅汽油是减少血铅浓度含量高的儿童数量的有效措施,这些措施已使一些国家大于10 ug/dl血铅浓度的儿童从1976一1980年的88.2%降至1999—2000年的2.2%。然而要彻底解决这个问题,就一定要在欧洲区实施该措施。
    意外事故是5~15岁儿童致死的首要原因,家是他们容易受伤的一个地方,但很多危险是可以预防的。
    在调查的儿童中,20%的孩子抱怨家周围没有足够的空间可以进行娱乐活动。这可能对进行体育活动的量产生直接影响。

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答案 Environmental Risks to Children’s Health in the Home There is no place like home? Is there? A new WHO study identified environmental risks to children’s health in the home. According to the report of WHO, the home setting affected children health in many ways. The study was a large analysis and review of European housing and health status in eight different WHO European cities. According to the report, the home which was usually considered the safest place for children can host a variety of harmful environmental factors. Selected findings from the study include the following: Damp conditions nurture the growth of mould, which affects children’s respiratory diseases. ETS, indoor solid-fuel combustion, humidity, dust mites and dander from pet animals represent major threats to the air children breathe. Children whose sleep is disturbed by noise have 120% more chance of suffering form migraine and 90% of whom have more chance of suffering form respiratory disorders. In no city surveyed did all children have access to hot water in their dwellings. Lead poisoning is one of the most severe threats to children’s health which is found in paint or solder for pipes. 20% surveyed children declared that they did not have enough space for recreation around their homes.

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