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  3. 莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

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问题 莎士比亚时期的戏剧
    ——2018年英译汉及详解
Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46) By the date of his birth, Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organization of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment, and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might vet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public play house was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’ s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lily, Peele and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kid had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage— where they had paled no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabeth drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blessing, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great career. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire has survived.
【F3】
选项
答案但是专业剧团在他们固定的剧院中繁荣发展起来，而且有文学抱负的大学生迅速转向这些剧院，将其视为一种谋生手段。
解析 本句考查的重点是：并列句和介词短语。
    该句是并列句，主干是but the professional companies prospered and university men were quick to turn to these theaters，由and连接的两个小分句构成。
    介词短语in their permanent theaters跟在动词后作地点状语，修饰prospered，放在该动词之前翻译。介词短语with literary ambitions作定语，修饰university men，可采用前置法，放在该名词之前翻译。介词短语offering a means of livelihood作定语，修饰these theaters，同样可采用前置法，放在其前翻译，即“提供一种谋生手段的这些剧院”，但考虑到这里主语是“大学生”，为了汉语译文主语一致且表达更通顺，可将其意译为“将其视为一种谋生手段”。
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