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  3. Of the world’s 774m illiterate adults two-thirds are women, a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades. But gi

Of the world’s 774m illiterate adults two-thirds are women, a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades. But gi

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问题     Of the world’s 774m illiterate adults two-thirds are women, a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades. But girls everywhere are beginning to catch up. Across the emerging world, 78% of them are now at primary school, an only slightly smaller proportion than boys(82%). At secondary level enrolment remains lower and girls are further behind, but things are getting better there too.
    The big surprise of the past few decades has been women’s huge advance into tertiary education. Across rich countries the share of those aged over 25 who have had some form of higher education is now 33% , against 28% of men in the same age group. Even in many developing regions they make up a majority of students in higher education.
    It is too soon to feel sorry for men. Although women now earn more first degrees, they mostly still get fewer PhDs, and if they stay on in academia they are promoted more slowly than men. Many of them are put off by the way the academic promotion system works, explains Lotte Bailyn, a professor at MIT Sloan School of Management. To get ahead, young hopefuls have to put in a huge amount of time and effort just when many women start to think about having a family, so they do not apply for senior posts. Ms Bailyn approvingly notes the recent decision by America’s National Science Foundation, which funds a big chunk of the universities’ basic research, to allow grant recipients to take a break.
    Crucially, women’s lead at first-degree level does not so far seem to have translated into better job opportunities. In a paper published earlier this year Ina Ganguli of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government concluded that the achievement of educational parity is a" cheque in the mail" that may presage more women joining the labor force, but lots of other factors—such as cultural attitudes and the availability of child care—also play a part. On its own, educational parity—even superiority—is not enough.
    Women may not be helping themselves by concentrating heavily on subjects that set them apart from men. In rich countries they account for over 70% of degrees in humanities and health, whereas the vast majority of degrees in mathematics and engineering go to men. Women with humanities degrees are less likely to be in demand for jobs in high-tech industries, which tend to pay well. At postgraduate level the gap between subjects gets even bigger. And on MBA courses, the classic avenue to senior corporate jobs, women make up only about a third of the students.
    Such differences between males and females show up quite early in life, but not nearly big enough to explain the huge differences in the choice of subject at university level. The OECD’s PISA researchers conclude that the choices have little to do with ability and may well be influenced by ingrained stereotypes. That would help to explain why they vary so much from country to country. In Japan women are awarded only 11% of all degrees in engineering, manufacturing and construction; in Indonesia their share is exactly half.
By comparing education parity to a" cheque in the mail" , Ina Ganguli means that______.
选项 A、education parity will not have an immediate financial payback
B、education parity does not necessarily guarantee more women join the workforce
C、education parity does not mean male and female stand an equal chance for job
D、the benefits of education parity always come in disguised forms
答案B
解析 根据题干的人名和考查的短语锁定文章第四段的内容。安娜·甘谷丽的研究显示教育机会均等取得的成就好像是a cheque in the mail，这里甘谷丽将educational parity比为cheque in the mail的意思是说，教育机会均等就好像是一张“还未兑现”的支票，有更多的女性接受教育长期来看必然会提升女性的就业人数，但是短期内是否见效不得而知，因为社会的歧视和家庭的责任也可能阻碍女性就业的步伐。因此本题的正确答案应该选[B]。[A]错在financial payback这个短语，这里甘谷丽讨论的是女性就业人数的问题，而不是教育机会均等带来的经济回报的问题。[C]错误，虽然第四段的第一句话指出women’slead at first一degree level does not so far seem to have translated into better job opportunities，“女性在学历水平方面取得的进步还没有转化为更好的工作机会”，但是男女面对同一份工作时的竞争力并不是甘谷丽这里主要想说明的问题。[D]错误，the benefits in disguised forms和the cheque in the mail是两个意思完全不同的短语，前者指的是“以隐蔽的形式得到的回报(塞翁失马，焉知非福)”，而后者指“未兑现的承诺或好处”。
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