Guilt is the emotion we feel if we let ourselves or others down by failing to meet a particular standard. This standard may be w

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问题     Guilt is the emotion we feel if we let ourselves or others down by failing to meet a particular standard. This standard may be widely acknowledged (missing a deadline and delaying a project, say). It can also be self-imposed: a personal perception that you haven’t lived up to your values.
    Broadly speaking, there are two kinds of guilt: "healthy" and "unhealthy." Whenever you experience guilt, it’s important to recognize which kind you’re dealing with, so you can take appropriate steps to tackle it.
    Healthy guilt is proportionate or rational. It’s the negative feeling you get when you know you behaved inappropriately. You’ll experience healthy guilt when you hurt someone or cause a problem that you could have avoided. The guilt is telling you to make amends and to change your behavior. Unhealthy guilt is disproportionate, misplaced and irrational. This is where you feel guilty about something, but you’ re not really to blame, or have no actual control over the situation.

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答案 一般来说,内疚感分为两种:健康的和不健康的。无论何时感到内疚,认识到你要克服的是哪种内疚感至关重要。这样你就能采取合适的方法来应对。健康的内疚感是恰当的,或合理的。它是一种当你知道自己行为不当时产生的消极情绪。当你伤害了某个人或引发了本可以避免的问题时,你会产生健康的内疚感。这种内疚感促使你去弥补伤害,去改变自己的行为。不健康的内疚感是不恰当的、不适宜的或不合理的。你对某件事感到内疚,但你本不应该受到责备,或你根本无法掌控局势。

解析     (1)第一段第一句的主干是Guilt is the emotion,we feel if…为省略that的定语从句,从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句。因定语从句较长,翻译时可以将定语从句翻译成单独的句子。
    (2)第一段第二句括号中的say意为“比方说,假设”,missing a deadline和delaying a project用来解释This standard may be widely acknowledged,翻译时可保留括号。
    (3)第一段的第三句主语It指代上句的This standard,因此句和上一句都较短,翻译时可合并为一句,并省略主语。另外,此句中包含冒号,冒号的作用是引起下文,后面包含that引导的同位语从句,修饰perception。perception本义为“看法,见解;感知”,因后面为同位语从句,可转译为“认为”。
    (4)第二段第二句的主干是it’s important to recognize…,so you can…Whenever引导让步状语从句,翻译为“无论何时”;which引导宾语从句,作recognize的宾语,在这里指healthy guilt和unhealthy guilt中的一种。
    (5)第三段第二句的主干是It’s the negative feeling,It指代上句中的Healthy guilt。you get为省略that的定语从句,修饰feeling;when在定语从句中引导时间状语从句。因定语从句较短,翻译时可移至所修饰名词之前。
    (6)第三段第三句包含when引导的时间状语从句,从句中又有一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰problem。could have done为固定用法,意为“本可以……”。定语从句较短,翻译时可移至所修饰名词之前。
    (7)第三段最后一句的主干为This is…,but you’re not…其中,where引导表语从句,作is的表语,or连接两个并列谓语。内疚是一种情绪,当我们没能达到特定标准而使自己或他人感到失望时,我们就会感到内疚。其标准可能已得到广泛认可(比如:超过期限或项目延迟),也可能是我们给自己强加的,认为自己没有践行价值观。
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