首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, asse
(1)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, asse
admin
2021-08-31
55
问题
(1)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
(2)Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
(3)Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha! " experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes patterns.
(4)One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
The author’s attitude towards aquaculture is ________.
选项
A、optimistic
B、negative
C、indifferent
D、uncertain
答案
D
解析
推断题。原文中的poor grasp表明作者认为管理学著作的作者对“直觉”认识不明确。由此可见,选项D为正确答案。虽然原文提到了管理学著作作者对“直觉”的两种不同的理解,但这两种理解并不是对立矛盾的,因此选项A不正确;原文虽有提到有些作者把“直觉”看做是理性的对立面。但这并不表明管理学著作作者们的看法irrational,他们也可能是在理性思考的基础上才形成这样的看法。因此选项B不正确。原文对管理学著作作者关于直觉的理解持否定态度,文中没有褒义字眼,因此选项C不对。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mBtK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
(1)Readingaward-winningliteraturemayboostyourabilitytoreadotherpeople,anewstudysuggests.ResearchersattheNewS
HowcouldHitler’svastoperationofhighly-organizedmassmurder,whichwasnot______toJews,comeabout?
GettingBetterGrades1.AttendallyourclassesReasons:-Absorb【T1】______【T1】______-Make【T2】______known【T2】______-Earn
Iwasverymuchput_____byMark’srudebehavior;itreallyannoyedme.
_______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin_______liferepeatthemselvesin_______literature.
A、AccommodationinthenorthofEnglandisratherexpensive.B、Aroomoffcampuswouldcostyouabout80poundsperweek.C、Apr
Thereisanunquestionablelinkbetweenjoblossesand______services.
A、Hemakesuseofdifferentmethodstoattractstudents.B、Heoftengivespsychologicalcounselingtothestudents.C、Heshares
"Howdarkyourbrother’shairis!""It’s_____minewhenIwasathisage."
A、Thestaffcanfeelmorerelaxed.B、Customerswillbecomedelighted.C、Customerstendtoreducepressure.D、Workersareproudo
随机试题
对肾盂肾炎患者的健康教育不正确的是
电力设施保护区内关于取土范围的规定,下列说法正确的是()。
在技术方案经济效果评价中,资金时间价值的换算方法与()的计算方法完全相同。
企业债券发行人向交易所申请上市,必须由交易所认可的1~2个机构推荐,并出具上市推荐书。上市推荐人应当符合下列哪些条件()
甲公司有锅炉和供电两个辅助生产车间,分别为基本生产车间和行政管理部门提供蒸汽和电力,两个辅助生产车间之间也相互提供产品。2015年9月份的辅助生产及耗用情况如下:要求:分别采用直接分配法和交互分配法对辅助生产费用进行分配(结果填入下方表格中。不用列
在一项研究中,51名中学生志愿者被分成测试组和对照组,进行同样的数学能力培训。在为期5天的培训中,研究人员使用一种称为经颅随机噪声刺激的技术对25名测试组成员脑部被认为与运算能力有关的区域进行轻微的电击。此后的测试结果表明,测试组成员的数学运算能力明显高于
Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise(有氧操).Millionsofindividual
Harvardthrilledmiddle-classparentslastweekbycappingitstuitionforfamilieswithincomesofupto$180,000at10percent
有如下程序:PriateSubForm_Click()DimiAsInteger,nAsIntegerFori=lTo20i=i+4:n=n+i
Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewantstosaveup?
最新回复
(
0
)