首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
admin
2021-02-21
39
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not.
The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
According to Paragraph 2, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _____.
选项
A、try to control unpleasant stimuli
B、turn off the electricity
C、behave passively in controllable situations
D、become abnormally suspicious
答案
C
解析
事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二句:Jay Weiss的实验表明一旦动物遇到过它们控制不了的事情和局面,以后即使是面临它们能够控制的事情,它们的表现还是会很被动。C项与文中之意相符,故而正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/mLY4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
ThemajordifferencebetweennarrativesalesandsuggestivesalesisthatAccordingtoAlan,creativityinsalespeople______.
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallc
IthasbeenawretchedfewweeksforAmerica’scelebritybosses.AIG’sMauriceGreenberghasbeendramaticallyoustedfromthef
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresou
Readthefollowingtextandchoosethebestanswerfromtherightcolumntocompleteeachoftheunfinishedstatementsinthele
ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedpa
随机试题
机体内最大最复杂的内分泌器官是
成人Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烧伤面积超过多少应该给予液体复苏治疗
关于螺旋CT的扫描中,错误的是
适用于热结肠燥便秘者的方剂是( )适用于肛周脓肿实证、外痔肿痛的方剂是( )
断面有时可见同心环纹的为
拌制混凝土用水的pH值不宜()。
某基金公司一款多元基金产品,投资范围较广,在向投资者推广时,作出如下宣传,下述宣传中说法正确的是()。Ⅰ.本基金通过分散化投资降低非系统性风险Ⅱ.通过分散化投资,宏观经济因素不会影响该基金大部分投资对象各自的价格Ⅲ.由于部分资产投
关于教唆犯,下列选项正确的是
InterpretthefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Startinterpretingatthesignalandstopatthesignal.Youmaytake
"Pleasepasstheturkeyanddressing."Whatdoesthissimplerequestmakeyouthinkabout?ffyouareanAmerican,youthinkabo
最新回复
(
0
)