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  3. Rabies is an ordinarily infectious disease of the central nervous system, caused by a virus and, as a rule, spread chiefly by do

Rabies is an ordinarily infectious disease of the central nervous system, caused by a virus and, as a rule, spread chiefly by do

admin2010-01-18  67
问题    Rabies is an ordinarily infectious disease of the central nervous system, caused by a virus and, as a rule, spread chiefly by domestic dogs and wild flesh-eating animals. Man and all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies. The people of ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome ascribed rabies to evil spirits because ordinarily gently and friendly animals suddenly became vicious and violent without evident cause and, after a period of maniacal behaviour, became paralysed and died.
   Experiments carried out in Europe in the early nineteenth century of injecting saliva from a rabid dog into a normal dog proved that the disease was infectious. Preventive steps, such as the destruction of stray dogs, were taken and by 1826 the disease was permanenfiy eliminated in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Though urban centres on the continent of Europe Were cleared several times during the nineteenth century, they soon became reinfected since rabies was uncon trolled among wild animals.
   During the early stages of the disease, a rabid animal is most dangerous because it appears normal and friendly, but it will bite at the slightest provocation. The virus is present in the salivary glands(腺) and passes into the saliva so that the bite of the infected animal inmxluces the virus into a fresh wound. If no action is taken, the vires may become established in the central nervous system and finally attack the brain. The incubation(潜伏期) period varies from ten days to eight months or more, and the disease develops more quickly the nearer to the brain the wound is. Most infected dogs become restless, nervous, and irritable and vicious, then depressed and paralysed. With this type of rabies, the dog’s death is inevitable and usually occurs within three to five days after the onset of the symptoms.
   Anti-rabies vaccine(疫苗) is widely used nowadays in two ways. Dogs may begiven three-year protection against the disease by one powerful injection, while persons who have been bitten by rabid animals are given a course of daily injections over a week or ten days. The mortality rate from all types of bites from rabid animals hasdropped from 9% to 0.5%. In rare cases, the vaccine will not prevent rabies in human beings because the virus produces the disease before the person’s body has time to build up enough resistance. Because of this, immediate vaccination is essential for anyone bitten by an animal observed acting strangely and the animal should be captured circumspectly, and examined profession ally or destroyed.
Without treatment, the virus in an infected animal will_____.
选项 A、enter immediately to the brain
B、develop immediately to the wound
C、incubate for 10 days to 8 months
D、pass into a fresh wound
答案C
解析 第三段讲了，如果不采取行动的话，病毒会侵入中枢神经系统，最后侵害大脑，潜伏期一般为10天至8个月。所以选C。
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