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Cardiologists have pioneered the world’s first non-surgical bypass operation to turn a vein into an artery using a new technique

admin2015-04-10  39
问题     Cardiologists have pioneered the world’s first non-surgical bypass operation to turn a vein into an artery using a new technique to divert blood flow in a man with severe heart disease. The keyhole procedure, which avoids the extensive invasive surgery of a conventional bypass, will offer hope to tens of thousands of people at risk from heart attacks.
    Coronary heart disease, where the arteries are progressively silted up with fatty deposits, is responsible in a major industrial country like Britain for more than 160,000 deaths each year. Although major heart surgery is becoming commonplace, with more than 28,000 bypass operations in the UK annually, it is traumatic for patients and involves a long recovery period.
    The new technique was carried out by an international team of doctors who performed the non-invasive surgery on a 53-year-old German patient. According to a special report in Circulation, journal of the American Heart Association, cardiologists developed a special catheter which was inserted into one of his leg arteries, threaded up through the aorta to the top of the diseased artery, which was the only part still open and receiving blood. Then, guided by ultrasound, a physician pushed a needle from inside the catheter through the artery wall and into the adjacent vein. A thin, flexible wire was threaded through the needle and the needle and catheter were withdrawn, leaving the wire behind and a small angioplasty balloon, which was used to widen the channel. Finally, the vein was blocked off just above the new channel allowing blood from the artery to be re-routed down the vein.
    After the procedure, the vein effectively became an artery, carrying blood in the reverse direction from the previous way, and feeding the starved heart tissue with oxygen.
    Dr. Stephen Oesterle, who led the team, said, "This milestone marks the first coronary artery bypass performed with a catheter. The technology offers a realistic hope for truly minimally invasive bypass procedures in the future. One of the most invasive things you can do in medicine is coronary artery bypass surgery. Our ultimate goal is to replace traditional coronary artery bypass with a procedure that does not require surgery. " Dr. Oesterle is director of cardiology at Massachusetts General Hospital and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. Melanie Raddon, cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said it was likely to be many years before the procedure was routinely used in hospitals.
Which of the following is the first step of the bypass operation?
选项 A、Thread up through the aorta to the top of the diseased artery.
B、Push a needle through artery wall into the adjacent vein.
C、Put a special catheter into one of the leg arteries.
D、Block off the vein to allow blood to re-routed.
答案C
解析 下列哪一项是搭桥疗法的第一步?[A]通过主动脉向上穿行，直到患病动脉的顶部。[B]推动一根针穿透动脉壁进入相邻的静脉。[C]将一个特殊的导管插入患者大腿的一条动脉。[D]堵死静脉，使血液沿着新的路线流动。本文的第三段介绍了这种新疗法的过程，考生要引起注意的是表示时间先后顺序的连词：first，then，finally。原文指出：first，将心脏病学家开发的一种特殊的导管插入患者大腿的一条动脉，通过主动脉向上穿行，直到患病动脉的顶部。then，通过超声波导引，一位医生推动导管内部的一根针，使其穿透动脉壁，再进人相邻的静脉。finally，在新通道的上部把静脉堵死，让血液从动脉流人下部的静脉。再综合比较四个答案，[C]“把导管插人大腿”是第一步。
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