首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Temperature Three scales of temperature, each of which permits a precise measurement, are in concurrent use: the Fahrenheit,
Temperature Three scales of temperature, each of which permits a precise measurement, are in concurrent use: the Fahrenheit,
admin
2011-01-15
25
问题
Temperature
Three scales of temperature, each of which permits a precise measurement, are in concurrent use: the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. These three different temperature scales were each developed by different people and have come to be used in different situations.
The scale that is most widely used by the general public in the United States is the Fahrenheit scale. In 1714, Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a German physicist who was living in Holland and operating an instrument business, developed a mercury-in-glass thermometer and the temperature scale that still carries his name. His original scale had two fixed points: 0°was the lowest temperature that he could achieve in a solution of ice, water, and salt, and 96°was what he believed was the normal temperature of the human body (though this was later determined to be 98.6°). Based on this scale, he calculated that the freezing point (or ice point) of water was 32°; in later studies, it was determined that the boiling point of water (the steam point) was 212°. The Fahrenheit scale came to be accepted as the standard measure of temperature in a number of countries, including Great Britain, and from there it was spread to British colonies throughout the world. Today, however, the United States is the only major country in the world that still uses the Fahrenheit scale.
The scale that is in use in many other countries is the Celsius scale. Anders Celsius (1701~1744), a Swedish astronomer, developed a thermometer in 1741 that based temperatures on the freezing and boiling temperatures of water. On the thermometer that Celsius developed, however, 0°was used to indicate the boiling temperature of water, and 100°was used to indicate the freezing temperature of water. After his death, the scale was reversed by a friend, the biologist Carl von Linne (1707~1748), who achieved acclaim for his development of the Linnean classification system for plants and animals. On the new scale after the reversal by von Linne, 0° indicated the freezing temperature of water, and 100° indicated the boiling temperature of water. A At around the same time that Celsius and von Linne were working on their thermometer in Sweden, a similar thermometer was being developed in France. B After the French Revolution, the scale developed in France was adopted as part of the metric system in that country under the name centigrade, which means "a hundred units," and from there it spread worldwide. C In 1948, an international agreement was made to rename the centigrade scale the Celsius scale in honor of the scientist who was first known to use a 100-degree scale, though it should be remembered that the scale that Celsius actually used himself was the reverse of today’s scale. D
A third scale, the Kelvin scale, is generally used today for scientific purposes. This scale was first suggested in 1854 by two English physicists: William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824~1907) and James Prescott Joule (1818~1889). The Kelvin scale defines 0°as absolute zero, the hypothetical temperature at which all atomic and molecular motion theoretically stops, and 100°separates the freezing point and boiling point of water, just as it does on the Celsius scale. On the Kelvin scale, with 0°equal to absolute zero, water freezes at 273°, and water boils at a temperature 100°higher. The Kelvin scale is well suited to some areas of scientific study because it does not have any negative values, yet it still maintains the 100° difference between the freezing point and boiling point of water that the Celsius scale has and can thus easily be converted to the Celsius scale by merely subtracting 273° from the temperature on the Kelvin scale.
The word reversed in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
选项
A、brought in.
B、turned around.
C、thought up.
D、sent back.
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/nhyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Soviet’sNewWorkingWeekHistorianinvestigateshowStalinchangedthecalendartokeeptheSovietpeoplecontinuallyatwork.
CommunicatingStylesandConflictKnowingyourcommunicationstyieandhavingamixofstylesonyourteamcanprovideapositiv
Lookatthefollowingpeopleandlistofstatementsbelow.Matcheachpersonwiththecorrectstatement.Writethecorrectlette
Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions8-11)andthelistofpeoplebelow.Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectperson,A,B
WealthinAColdClimateLatitudeiscrucialtoanation’seconomicstrength.ADrWilliamMasterswasreadingabookaboutmosq
AccidentalScientistsAAparadoxliesclosetotheheartofscientificdiscovery.Ifyouknowjustwhatyouarelookingfor,fi
ElephantCommunicationO’Connell-Rodwell,apostdoctoralfellowatStanfordUniversity,hastravelledtoNamibia’sfirst-ev
ElephantCommunicationO’Connell-Rodwell,apostdoctoralfellowatStanfordUniversity,hastravelledtoNamibia’sfirst-ev
WhichthreeforeignlanguagesaretraditionallytaughtintheUSA?ApartfromChinese,theNEPfocuseson______.
temperature录音提到热饮让人觉得甜得发腻(toosweett0berefreshing)。饮料冷冻后的甜味就没那么明显。由此可知影响甜味的是温度,故填入temperature。
随机试题
A.淋病奈瑟菌B.衣原体C.单纯疱疹病毒D.人乳为瘤病毒E.人免疫缺陷病毒尖锐湿疣的病原体是
CT扫描时,球管连续旋转曝光,检查床不停顿单向移动并采集数据的方式是
A、1~30℃B、2~10℃C、不超过15℃D、不超过20℃E、自然温度凉暗处是指
某化工厂生产装置产生浓度为5%的氨水1000t,蒸氨塔回收浓度为15%氨水300t,经蒸氨塔排放氨气约占氨总损耗率的40%,进入废水中的氨是()。
具有浓郁阶级性的有()。
一、注意事项1.申论考试是对应考者阅读理解能力、综合分析能力、提出问题和解决问题能力、文字表达能力的测试。2.参考时限:阅读资料40分钟,作答110分钟。3.仔细阅读给定资料,按照后面提出的“作答要求”依次作答。二、给定资料
A.helpmaintainenvironmentalqualityB.aspeopleclearlandsC.dependsoncountlessinteractionsD.byo
计算∫0xf(t)g(x-t)dt(x≥0),其中,当x≥0时,f(x)=x,而
A、 B、 C、 C题目为确认帕克女士是否要参加研讨会的反意疑问句。
Ifapotentialcustomerenjoysyouradvert,theyaremorelikelytobuyyourproduct.It’sasimple【C1】______,butitisextrem
最新回复
(
0
)