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  3. 科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系 ——1993年英译汉及详解 【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of

科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系 ——1993年英译汉及详解 【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of

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问题 科学研究的方法与人类思维的关系
——1993年英译汉及详解
【F1】The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.【F2】It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples.【F3】You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.【F4】And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere’ s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose(散文)during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.【F5】Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
【F3】
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答案你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，在某种意义上说，他们用这些方法，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。
解析 本句考查的重点是：猜测词义和词语搭配。 这是一个主从复合句。句子的主干是：You(主)+have all heard(谓)+it(形式宾语)+repeated(宾补)+that…(真正宾语)。真正宾语由三个that引导的从句充当。第一个that从句的表达顺序和中文相近，可以顺着原文的顺序翻译。第二个和第三个that从句当中的they都指scientists。要注意名词和动词在汉语中的搭配，如extract…laws，build up…theories在中文中应该搭配成：“找出规律”，“建立…理论”。operations实际上就指前面的induction，deduction，因此它的字面意思“操作，运转”不符合句子意思，可以翻译成“方法”，因为induction，deduction本身就是两种方法。
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