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  3. You have probably heard about elite universities offering free online courses through Coursera. In just the past few weeks, Cour

You have probably heard about elite universities offering free online courses through Coursera. In just the past few weeks, Cour

admin2019-08-27  90
问题    You have probably heard about elite universities offering free online courses through Coursera. In just the past few weeks, Coursera has added 12 universities, including Princeton, Duke and Johns Hopkins.
   The company’s website says its goal is to "give everyone access to the world-class education that has so far been available only to a selected few", and much of the news coverage has focused on how this will democratize learning. Two weeks after Coursera announced its initial round of partnerships, Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology announced a plan to invest $60 million in a similar course platform called edX, and a third company, Udacity, announced that it too would join the fray.
   Despite near universal enthusiasm for such projects, it’s important to take a few steps back. First, although the content is free now, it’s unlikely that it will remain that way for long. According to Coursera’s contracts, both the company and the schools plan to make a profit — they just haven’t figured out the best way to do that yet. But more important, I’m concerned that computer-aided instruction will actually widen the gap between the financially and educationally privileged and everyone else, instead of closing it.
   In terms of learning on the college level, the Department of Education looked at thousands of research studies from 1996 to 2008 and found that in higher education, students rarely learned as much from online courses as they did in traditional classes. In fact, the report found that the biggest benefit of online instruction came from a learning environment that combined technology with traditional methods, but warned that the uptick had more to do with the increased amount of individualized instruction students got in that environment, not the presence of technology. For all but the brightest, the more time students spend with traditional instruction, the better they seem to do.
   Supporters of online learning say that all anyone needs to access a great education is a stable Internet connection. But only 35% of households earning less than $25, 000 have broadband access to the Internet, compared with 94% of households with income more than $100, 000. In addition, according to the 2010 Report on Mobile Access, only half of black and Latinos primarily use their cell phones to access the Internet, a much more expensive and less-than-ideal method for taking part in online education. In short, the explosion of this type of education, though free now, may leave behind the students who need education the most.
   It’s not hard to understand why the chance to watch lectures, pass tests and even get a formal certificate from an elite school would stir excitement. But the recently released report on the American Dream makes it clear: a four-year college degree is the only type of educational intervention that promotes upward mobility from the lower-middle class. If we really want to democratize education, finding creative ways to realistically open up colleges to different communities will do more to help than a model that is more beneficial for students who are already wealthy, academically prepared and highly motivated. We ought to make sure that everyone has access to the same opportunities, or we will further widen the opportunity gaps we mean to close.
It can be inferred from the research studies from 1996 to 2008 in Paragraph 4 that in online instruction, ______.
选项 A、students can benefit the most from the presence of technology
B、what matters is the increased amount of individualized instruction
C、students can learn more compared with in traditional instruction
D、the more time the cleverest students spend, the higher scores they get
答案B
解析 本题细节定位于第四段第二句话“In fact，the report found that the biggest benefit of online instruction came from a learning environment that combined technology with traditional methods，but warned that the uptick had more to do with the increased amount of individualized instruction students got in that environment，not the presence of technology”。由此可知，在线教学的最大好处来自技术与传统方式相结合的学习环境，但是该报告提醒说，这种上升与该环境中获得个别化教学的学生数量增加有关，而非技术。B项与原文意思相符，A和C两项与原文意思相反。D项属于利用文中细节无中生有。因此选择B。
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