2. 医学
  3. In this part there is an essay in Chinese, Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEE

In this part there is an essay in Chinese, Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEE

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问题 In this part there is an essay in Chinese, Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.
                                吃出健康
    健康自古以来就是人们追求的美好目标。近年世界卫生组织对影响人类健康的众多因素进行评估，结果表明：遗传因素对身体健康的影响居于首位为15％；膳食营养对人体健康的影响仅次于遗传因素为13％；然后是医疗条件因素，为8％。因此不难看出膳食营养对人体健康是多么重要，在今天人们的生活水平显著提高，绝大多数人衣温食饱，营养不良状况有了很大改善，但这不代表人吃的健康了，由于大多数人的饮食结构不合理，营养供给不平衡，所以维持不了健康。
    为了维持身体健康就必须把不同的食物搭配起来食用，现代营养学把食物分成两大类，一类主要是供给人体热能，我们叫主食，另一类是副食：如豆制品和蔬菜等，主食种类很多它们所含氨基酸，维生素、无机盐的种类和数量又互不相同，故不能只用一种粮食作为主食，应做到粗细粮合理搭配，副食中的肉类、蛋类、奶类、鱼类、海产类、豆类和蔬菜等，都能提供丰富的蛋白质和人体必需的脂肪酸、磷酸、维生素、概、磷、镁、碘等重要营养素，对人体健康起着非常重要的作用，饮食的种类多种多样，富含营养成分各不相同，只有做到各种食物合理搭配，才能使人体得到不同的营养，以满足生命和活动的需要。
    膳食搭配的同时要注意季节引起食欲的变化，像夏季酷热多雨，人们常常食欲降低，消化力也减弱，大多数人厌食肥肉和油腻食物，所以要注意食物的色香味，尽力提高食欲，使身体能够得到全面足够的营养。
    合理搭配固然重要，但也应饮食有节，要注意饮食的量和用食时间，一是饮食要适量，就是说人们吃东西不要太多也不要太少，要恰到好吃，饥饱适中，过饱不利于健康，但吃太少也有损于健康。二是饮食应定时，一日三餐，食知有时，脾胃适应了这种饮食规律，到时候便会做好消化食物的准备，同时烹调合理使食品色香味俱全，不仅增加食欲，而且有益健康。
    当然健康饮食对于不同职业来说也是不相同的，例如，学校的老师和学生都是脑力劳动者，用脑较多，由于人脑的主要成分为卵磷脂。脑疲劳会损失卵磷脂，而深海鱼和蛋黄富含卵磷脂。因此，建议每天可吃1．2个鸡蛋补充营养，每周吃一次海鱼。此外，也应多补充含蛋白质、糖、钙、铁、锌、维生素丰富的食物。如，禽肉、牛奶、拼过、豆制品等。
    所以，只有饮食从各方面做好了，才能将健康进行到底。
选项
答案 From the three most important factors affecting health listed by WHO, we can see that eating is very important. It ranks the second in the list of the factors including genetic factor(15%), food eating(13%)and medical service(8%). However, despite the improved standard of living of today, many still fail to keep a balanced diet, which is of course harmful to our health. How to eat for health then? Here are some tips. First, eat various food, including staple and non-staple foods. The former, such as rice and flour, supplies heat and energy to the body, whereas the latter, such as meat, eggs, dairy products and fish, provides the body with nutrients needed by the various activities of the body, including protein, vitamins, calcium, etc. Second, adapt our diet according to seasonal change. For example, we should improve the desirability of our food in color, smell and flavor because our appetite is usually low in summer. Third, eat moderately and have meals regularly. Over or little eating can both to harm our health while eating on tine can benefit digestion. Fourth, provide different kinds of food for people of different occupations. For example, mental workers such as teacher and student have take nutrients such an protein, sugar, calcium, zinc, vitamins, etc, which are needed by their exhausting mental labor. Foods like poultry meat, eggs, fish, rice in these nutrients. To sum up, it is very important to keep a balanced diet for our health.
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