2. 医学
  3. When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the

When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the

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问题     When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the shock they may remain unconscious, become semiconscious or be conscious but confused and dazed, at least for a time. Flashes of light may continue passing before their eyes, and blindness and deafness may follow. The nervous system may be badly affected, causing paralysis, pain in the limbs and even hemorrhage. There will be bums where the lightening passed through the body, and like all electrical bunts, they are often deep and severe.
    All persons, especially campers and hunters, should know how to give first aid to someone who has been struck by lightning. Do not be afraid to touch the victim. You won’t get a shock. The lightening has already been grounded. Remember that speed is of the greatest importance in severe cases.
    The first thing to do is to loosen tight clothing about the throat and waist. Then clear the air passages of mucus(粘液) if present, and apply artificial respiration if necessary. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if needed, or give oxygen if available. Many victims thought to be dead have been revived after treatment.
    Send someone for a doctor as soon as possible, but don’ t leave the victim alone. If a doctor is not available, take the person to a hospital as soon as the person can be safely moved.
    Signs of shock are: pale, cold, sticky skin; weak, rapid pulse, shallow, irregular breathing or, in extreme cases, no breathing at all. To treat shock, you must keep the patient lying down with the head lower than the feet and cover him or her with a blanket but watch out for overheating. Giving a stimulating hot tea or coffee will help, but only if the patient is thoroughly conscious.
    After breathing has been restored and shock is treated, treat the burns. Apply some salve and cover them with a clean cloth or a sterile dressing. If conscious, the patient will be badly frightened, so do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someone’s life.
It can be guessed from the passage that________.
选项 A、many campers and hunters are struck by lightening
B、cars are convenient for outdoor activities
C、electric shock does little harm to the human body
D、only professional nurses and doctors are allowed to give first aid
答案A
解析 推理题。题目问的是根据文章，哪一项是正确的?选项B在文章中没有涉及：根据文中提到的电击后的症状，以及有可能致死可知，对人的身体并不是“little harm”，排除C；根据“…do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someone’s life”可以看出并不是只有专业的医生和护士才能做急救，排除D；根据文章中“All persons，especially campers and hunters，should know how to give first aid”可判断出campers和hunters更容易受电击。故选A。
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