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  3. Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

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问题     Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of his family home. That was the first of many unimaginable traumas he faced before arriving in Germany as a refugee in 2015. "I couldn’t get the image of my father out of my head," he says.
    Hasani is one of more than 100 refugees who have taken part in a study to examine how mental health can be damaged by such traumas—it is perhaps the largest and most detailed of young refugees’ psychological status carried out so far. Young people who flee their countries are already at greater risk of developing mental-health problems than is the general population. Migration itself is known to be a factor in developing such disorders—but many refugees also experience violent and life-threatening events before and during their flight. The latest study is the first to try to quantify how these events affect psychiatric problems—and it finds that the risk of developing mental-health problems, and their severity, rise significantly with each accumulated trauma a person has experienced.
    Environmental stressors can increase the risk of young people developing psychiatric disorders, particularly if they already have a slight genetic predisposition. These range from experiencing or witnessing violence to migration and living in cities. In a 2014 study, Ehrenreich showed that even being the child of a migrant constitutes such a risk.
    Neurologist and psychiatrist Martin Begemann conducted detailed physical, psychological and cognitive examinations of each participant. He asked about their traumatic experiences, which often included torture, slavery and physical abuse. He found scars from gunshot wounds, stabbings, explosions, burns and electric shocks on 40％ of the participants. Begemann then conducted interviews to determine whether the participants showed signs of depression, psychosis or cognitive difficulties. He organized psychiatric treatment for those who needed it.
    The researchers used their assessments to quantify a person’s overall risk of mental-health problems, and found that this rose stepwise with the number of risk factors experienced. In addition, refugees’ ability to cope with daily life declined with each additional trauma. The team also found some factors that had been thought to be "psychologically protective", such as fleeing with a family member or a friend, didn’t seem to mitigate the effects of the negative stressors.
    The authors note that stressors continue in host nations—for example, poor living conditions, multiple relocations, social exclusion and hostility towards refugees because they are foreigners. Stressful conditions such as these in many centres only add to the risk and the latest work emphasizes this, says Peter Ventevogel, senior mental-health officer at the UN Refugee Agency. For participants such as Hasani, the study was beneficial because it led him into psychiatric therapy. "Now I am feeling better and can sleep," he says.
Marteza Hasani’s experience is cited as an example to illustrate that he________.
选项 A、couldn’t forget his father
B、has participated in a study
C、has been haunted by traumas
D、has migrated to Germany as a refugee
答案C
解析 根据题干关键词Marteza Hasani，可先在第一段寻找解题线索。文章第一段讲述了难民马尔特扎.哈萨尼的生活经历，他在2005年逃离阿富汗，在阿富汗处于战争期间，他在家门口发现了父亲的尸体。此后他再也无法忘记父亲的形象。通读全文可知，本文的主题是难民的心理健康问题。因此，第一段通过介绍马尔特扎.哈萨尼的经历，引出文章的主题，从第二段第一句可以找到与文章主题的相关处，即他是一个受到过往创伤影响有心理健康问题的难民，并且在第二段中，提到哈萨尼作为100多名难民中的一员参加了一项关于年轻难民的心理健康问题的研究。因此，C项为正确答案。马尔特扎.哈萨尼无法忘记父亲的形象，是例子本身的内容，并非文章引用这个例子的目的，故选项A排除；哈萨尼是100多名难民中的一员，他们参加了一项研究，这是在陈述事实，并非目的，故B项排除；马尔特扎.哈萨尼2015年以难民身份到达德国，这也是例子本身的内容，并非是引用这个例子的目的，故选项D也排除。
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