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  3. Computer science is not only a comparatively young field, but also one that has had to prove it is really science. Skeptics in a

Computer science is not only a comparatively young field, but also one that has had to prove it is really science. Skeptics in a

admin2009-04-23  64
问题     Computer science is not only a comparatively young field, but also one that has had to prove it is really science. Skeptics in academia would often say that after Alan Turing described the concept of the" universal machine" in the late 1930’s—he idea that a computer in theory could be made to do the work of any kind of calculating  machine, including the human brain—all that remained to be clone was mere engineering.
    The more generous perspective today is that decades of stunningly rapid advances in processing speed, storage and networking, along with the development of increasingly clever software, have brought computing into science, business and culture in ways that were barely imagined years ago. The quantitative changes delivered through smart engineering opened the door to qualitative changes.
    Computing changes what can be seen, simulated and done. So in science, computing makes it possible to simulate climate change and unravel the human genome(基因组). In business, low-cost computing, the Internet and digital communications are transforming the global economy. In culture, the artifacts of computing include the iPod and computer-animated movies. What’s next? That was the subject of a symposium(研讨会)in Washington held by the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board. Joseph F. Traub, the board’s chairman and a professor at Columbia University, titled the symposium "2016".
    Computer scientists from academia and companies like IBM and Google discussed topics including social networks, digital imaging, online media and the impact on work and employment. But most talks touched on two broad themes: the impact of computing will go deeper into the sciences and spread more into the social sciences, and policy issues will loom large, as the technology becomes more powerful and more pervasive.
    Social networks are pre-technological creations that sociologists have been analyzing for decades. However with the rise of the Internet, social networks and technology networks are becoming inextricably linked, so that behavior in social networks can be tracked on a scale never before possible.
    The new social-and-technology networks that can be studied include e-mail patterns, buying recommendations on commercial Web sites like Amazon, messages and postings on community sites like My Space and Face book, and the diffusion of news, opinions, fids, urban myths, products and services over the Internet. Social net- working research promises a rich trove(珍藏品) for marketers and politicians, as well as sociologists, economists,  anthropologists, psychologists and educators.
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答案The computer in theory can do any kind of calculation.
解析 根据题干Universal machine可定位在文章首段，破折号后面的句子即为解释部分，理解其含义即可得出结论：计算机可以进行任何种类数据的运算。
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