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  3. Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdens

Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdens

admin2020-03-28  32
问题     Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdensome，or just plain nasty．That compulsion has resulted in robotics——the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines．And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction，they have begun to come close．
  As a result，the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor．Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms．Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction．Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers．And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics，there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone．
    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility，they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves——goals that pose a real challenge．“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error，”says Dave Lavery，manager of a
robotics program at NASA．“we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world．”
  Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results．Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010，researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries．
    What they found，in attempting to model thought，is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented——and human perception far more complicated——than previously imagined．They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment．But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd．The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability，and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it．
According to the text，what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can__________．
选项 A、fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery
B、interact with human beings verbally
C、have a little common sense
D、respond independently to a changing world
答案D
解析 细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段。从Dave Lavery的第二句话，即we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world．该句中的“dynamic”意为“动态的，变化的”。同时定位到第三段的首句：goals that pose a real challenge．其实这个说法就是题目中的what is beyond man’s ability now，即原文所说的be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves(独立自我判断)，是人们要迎接的新的挑战，也就是说人们目前没法做到这点。因此D项“独立地应对环境变化”正确。A项“完成如脑部外科手术这样精细的工作”。原文第二段末句明确说明，已经有能够完成脑部外科手术的机器人了。而题目中询问的是目前人们不能设计的机器人。因此排除该选项。B项原文中没有提及。C项与原文表述不符，因此排除。故本题选D。
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