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  3. Higher productivity is essential to the rising of living standards and to the declining prices of goods and services. But higher

Higher productivity is essential to the rising of living standards and to the declining prices of goods and services. But higher

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问题     Higher productivity is essential to the rising of living standards and to the declining prices of goods and services. But higher productivity may lead to fewer jobs.
    Early in the postwar era, analysts were worried that automation would take over manufacturing, throwing everyone out of work. That fear went unrealized for a generation, in part because robots and computers weren’t good at much. Today, near-automated manufacturing is becoming a reality.
    Newly built factories often require only a small part of the work force in the plants. Office technology, meanwhile, now allows a few to do what once required a large group of people.
    There may come a point when the gains from higher productivity pale before the job losses, But even if that point does not come, rapid technological change is causing anxiety about future employment: anxiety that makes it hard to appreciate and enjoy what productivity creates.
    Prosperity brings many other mixed blessings. Living standards keep rising, but so do cases of depression. Agricultural yields continue rising, yet that means fewer family farms are needed Biotechnology may allow us to live longer, but may leave us dependent on costly synthetic drugs. There, are many similar examples. Increasingly, western life suffers from the paradoxes (自相矛盾) of progress. Material circumstances keep improving, yet our quality of life may be no better as a result — especially in those cases, like food, where enough becomes too much.
The fear that automation would make people out of work turned out to be______.
选项 A、impossible
B、reasonable
C、practical
D、unnecessary
答案D
解析 本题为细节题。要求考生根据文章确定“对自动化将要使更多的人失业的恐慌”的最终的结果。从文章第二段中可以看到题干中“The fear…turned out to be”的“恐慌”指的是战后初期出现的，但是“That fear went unrealized for a generation，in part because robots and computers weren’t good at much．”，说明这一“恐慌”并没成为现实，部分原因是因为机器人与电脑还不够完善。因此，这一“恐慌”是没有必要的，所以正确答案为选项D。选项A．impossible是没有道理的；选项B．reasonable在战后初期可能如此，但最终结果并非如此；选项C．practical就更无从谈起了。
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