首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. Bu
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. Bu
admin
2016-08-02
64
问题
But the real world eventually penetrates even the ivory tower. Exactly how humanity became human is still a matter of debate. But there are. at least, some well-formed hypotheses.【F1】
What these hypotheses have in common is that they rely not on Spencer’s idea of individual competition, but on social interaction.
That interaction is. indeed, sometimes confrontational and occasionally bloody. But it is frequently collaborative, and even when it is not. it is more often manipulative than violent.
Modern Darwinism’s big breakthrough was the identification of the central role of trust in human evolution. People who are related collaborate on the basis of nepotism.【F2】
It takes outrageous profit or provocation for someone to do down a relative with whom they share a lot of genes. Trust, though. allows the unrelated to collaborate, by keeping score of who docs what when, and punishing cheats.
Very few animals can manage this. Indeed, outside the primates, only vampire bats have been shown to trust non relatives routinely.【F3】
(Well-fed bats will give some of the blood they have swallowed to hungry neighbours, but expect the favour to be returned when they are hungry and will deny favours to those who have cheated in the past.)
【F4】
The human mind, however, seems to have evolved the trick of being able to identify a large number of individuals and to keep score of its relations with them, delecting the dishonest or greedy and taking vengeance, even at some cost to itself.
This process may even be—as Matt Ridley, who wrote for this newspaper a century and a half after Spencer, described it—the origin of virtue.
The new social Darwinists(those who see society itself, rather than the savannah or the jungle, as the "natural" environment in which humanity is evolving and to which natural selection responds)have not abandoned Spencer altogether, of course. But they have put a new spin on him. The ranking by wealth of which Spencer so approved is but one example of a wider tendency for people to try to out-do each other. And that competition, whether athletic, artistic or financial, does seem to be about genetic display.【F5】
Unfakeable demonstrations of a superiority that has at least some underlying genetic component arc almost unfailingly attractive to the opposite sex. Thus both of the things needed to make an economy work, collaboration and competition, seem to have evolved under Charles Darwin ’ s penetrating gaze.
【F4】
选项
答案
但是,人的头脑似乎已经进化到很高级的程度,获得了诀窍.能够识别许多个体,而且能记住和他们的关系,去察觉那些不诚实或贪婪的人.进行报复,甚至不惜自己付出代价。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qIoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Whatmakesagreathighschool?Americansthinkalotofthingsdo,fromoutstandingacademicsorasupportiveenvironmentfors
Whatmakesagreathighschool?Americansthinkalotofthingsdo,fromoutstandingacademicsorasupportiveenvironmentfors
Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneg
WhenGeorgeBushleftthepresidencyonJanuary20th,manyAmericanswerekeentoturnthepage.Theyhavewarmlywelcomedanew
WhenGeorgeBushleftthepresidencyonJanuary20th,manyAmericanswerekeentoturnthepage.Theyhavewarmlywelcomedanew
Americanschoolsaren’texactlyfrozenintime,butconsideringthepaceofchangeinotherareasoflife,ourpublicschoolste
Intheiridlemoments,historiansoccasionallyspeculateonhowtheworldwouldbedifferentifAdolfHitlerhadpassedtheentr
Humanity’sgreatestaccomplishmentofthepastfivedecades,declaredBillGatesthisweek,isthereductioninthenumberofde
Whydowealongwith75othercountries—alternatebetweenstandardtimeanddaylighttime?Althoughmanypeoplebelieveithasa
随机试题
脑干网状结构易化区对肌紧张的作用是()。
简述人的行为的基本特征。
老龄问题(problemofageing)
正反馈调节的意义在于
男性,24岁。腰背痛1年,下腰段及骶髂关节压痛,腰椎活动明显受限。X线片示脊柱是竹节样改变,诊断
肝郁发热,丹栀逍遥散食积发热,枳实导滞汤
某企业制造费用中的修理费用与修理工时密切相关。经测算,预算期修理费用中的固定修理费用为2000元,单位工时的变动修理费用为1.5元;预计预算期的修理工时为2500小时,运用公式法,测算预算期的修理费用总额为()元。
以下关于智囊机构的说法不正确的是()。(2008年5月二级真题)
脑功能的整体说的代表人物是
Musiccomesinmanyforms:mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.【C1】______theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasborn,America
最新回复
(
0
)