首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In economics, demand implies something slightly different from the common meaning of the term. The layman, for example, often us
In economics, demand implies something slightly different from the common meaning of the term. The layman, for example, often us
admin
2015-01-09
32
问题
In economics, demand implies something slightly different from the common meaning of the term. The layman, for example, often used the term to mean the amount that is demanded of an item. Thus,if the price were to decrease and individuals wanted more of the item, it is commonly said that demand increases. To an economist, demand is a relationship between a series of prices and a series of corresponding quantities that are demanded at these prices. If one reads the previous sentences carefully, it should become apparent that there is a distinction between the quantity demanded and demand. This distinction is often a point of confusion and we all should be aware of and understand the difference between these two items. We repeat, therefore, that demand is a relationship between price and quantities demanded,and therefore suggests the effect of one(e.g., price)on the other(e.g. quantity demanded). Therefore, knowledge of the demand for a product enables one to predict how much more of a product will be purchased if price decreases. But the increase in quantity demanded does not mean demand has increased, since the relationship between price and quantity(i.e., the demand for the product)has not changed. Demand shifts when there is a change in income, expectations, tastes,etc., such that a different quantity of the product is demanded at the same price.
In almost all cases, a consumer wants more of an item if the price decreases. This relationship between price and quantity demanded is so strong that it is referred to as the’law of demand". This"law"can be explained by the income and substitution effects. The income effect occurs because price increas-es reduce the purchasing power of the individual and,thus,the quantity demanded of goods must de-crease. The substitution effect reflects the consumer’s desire to get the "best buy". Accordingly, if the price of product A increases, the individual will tend to substitute another product and purchase less of goods A. The negative correlation between price and quantity demanded is also explained by the law of diminishing marginal utility. According to this law, the additional utility the consumer gains from consum-ing a product decreases as successively more units of the product are consumed. Because the additional units yield less utility or satisfaction, the consumer is willing to purchase more only if the price of the product decreases.
Economists distinguish between individual and market demand. As the term implies, individual demand concerns the individual consumer and illustrate the quantities that individuals demand at different prices. Market demand includes the demand of all individuals for a particular goods and is found by summing the quantities demanded by all individuals at the various prices.
The other side of the price system is supply. As in the case of demand, supply is a relationship between a series of prices and the associated quantities supplied. It is assumed that as price increases the individual or firm will supply greater quantities of a product. There is a positive correlation between quantity supplied and product price.
Economists also distinguish between a change in supply and quantity supplied. The distinction is similar to the one made with respect to demand. Also, as in the case of demand, economists distinguish between individual firm supply and market supply, which is the summation of individual supply.
Taken together, supply and demand yield equilibrium of price and quantity. Equilibrium is a state of stability, with balanced forces in which prices and quantity will remain constant. Moreover, there are forces in the market that will act to establish equilibrium if changes in demand or supply create disequilibrium. For example, if prices are above equilibrium, the quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded and surpluses occur that have a downward pressure on prices. These pressures will persist until equilibrium is established. If prices are below equilibrium, the product will become scare and there will be an upward pressure on price.
What can you infer from the passage?
选项
A、Price decreases as more products are supplied.
B、There is a positive correlation between supply and demand.
C、There is an upward pressure on price if more products are demanded.
D、Both quantity demanded and quantity supplied are dependent on product prices.
答案
C
解析
推理题。选项A的错误在于缺少条件“当需求不变时”;选项B中“supply”和“demand”并未明确的关系;选项D中需求量和供给量与价格是有关系的,这在最后一段中有体现。选项C为正确答案,可以由最后一句话推知。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/quQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thisspeculation(acoursetaughtwithtechnologyhelpsstudentslearnmorethantheonetaughtintheliveclassroom)isnotbase
Mostofuswouldliketofeelwehavesomeinfluenceoverwhathappensaroundusandtous.Citizensspeakouttoinfluencepoli
AnumberofbookslikeReadingFacesandBodyLanguagehave【C1】______theindividual’stendencytobroadcastthingsthroughallm
Mostparentsprizethediversitywithintheirchildren’spublicschools.Theyknowthatlearningtocooperateandexcelinadiv
Mostparentsprizethediversitywithintheirchildren’spublicschools.Theyknowthatlearningtocooperateandexcelinadiv
Notallpersonsarrestedand______withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguilt
Idon’treallyknowhowto______theproblem.
在国际社会共同努力下,世界经济正在缓慢复苏,但复苏基础不牢固,进展不平衡,存在较大的不确定性。与此同时,本地区经济发展也面临一些难题和挑战,发达国家就业形势严峻,新兴市场国家面临资产价格泡沫和通货膨胀压力,最不发达国家处境艰难,各成员国经济结构调整任重道远
Ican’t______himfromhisbrother.Theylookverymuchalike.
美国联邦政府的立法部门由两院组成。参议院由100名(每州两名),众议院有435名议员。每一议员代表各州之选举区,根据最高法院规定,各选区人口须略相等。众议员须年满25岁以上,且是该州的居民,并且己为美国公民7年,经由两年一期的普选产生。参议员须年满30岁,
随机试题
有一份合同,出售中国小麦10000公吨,合同规定:“自2月份开始,每月装船1000公吨,分十批交货。”卖方从2月份开始交货,但交至第五批小麦时,小麦品质霉变,不适合人类食用,因而买方以此为由,主张以后各批均应撤销。在上述情况下买方能否主张这种权利?为什
Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe______himself.
初产妇第二产程超过多少小时为第二产程延长
下列哪些证候不是蛔厥证的症状
Mr.Joneshasbeenaccusedofdistributingseveralimportant______memorandumstopersonsoutsidethecompany.
导游人员在导游活动中有下列情形之一的,扣除2分()
那些在市场上处于次要地位(第二、第三甚至更低的地位),并积极争取市场领先地位,向竞争者挑战的企业。这是()。
人的意识产生的决定性因素是()
ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodw
Rumoristhemost【C1】______wayofspreadingstories---bypassingthemonfrommouth【C2】______month.Butcivilizedcountriesinn
最新回复
(
0
)