首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Universities Branch Out A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competitio
Universities Branch Out A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competitio
admin
2018-11-19
31
问题
Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.
B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.
D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.
E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculties, post-doctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’ s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, post-doctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.
G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.
H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.
I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.
The number of foreign students applying to Australia has surged after September 11 due to changes in the visa process in the US.
选项
答案
H
解析
题干:“9-11”事件之后由于签证过程发生变化,申请到澳大利亚学习的外国学生人数急增。题干关键词Australia和September 11,文中涉及“9-11”的段落为H段,第三句因为“9-11”事件,签证程序的变化导致到美国留学的人数急剧减少,与题干符合,故选H。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qw47777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Thebrickbuildingsaretooold.B、Manypeoplearestillburied.C、Earthquakeskeepoccurring.D、Shelterandfoodisnotenoug
A、Nosmokingordrinkingguaranteeshappiness.B、Kidswithhappycharactersarelessinclinedtodrink.C、Unhappykidsaremore
A、Happymoods.B、Goodmemory.C、Properreasoning.D、Sometraining.D短文开头提到,心智技能会随着人变老而自然减弱,然而研究似乎表明,通过一些训练可以增强这些(心智)技能。故选D。
A、Thefirstlecture.B、Aclassmeeting.C、Theopeningceremony.D、Anorientation.D男士询问经济学课程的相关信息,女士表示前一天介绍会发放的资料中都可以查到这些信息。而男士说
ALetterofSuggestiontoYourFriendForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertogiveyourfriendZhang
AnApplicationforFurtherStudiesForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoMassachusettsInstituteof
Readingleadershipliterature,you’dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.Idon’tbeli
Fordecades,AmericanshavetakenforgrantedtheUnitedStates’leadershippositioninthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.The
A、Alotofpreparationisneededbeforedoingrealclimbing.B、Rock-climbingisnotdangerousifyouarestrongenough.C、Thema
随机试题
A、announceB、amazeC、advantageD、ableD
患者,女,32岁,患风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄及关闭不全,有慢性心力衰竭,经常每日服地高辛0.125mg。10d前开始气短,水肿加重,HR120/min,心律绝对不规则,首先应采用的治疗措施是
老年人体内免疫系统变化的特点是
铁路公司运送药品过程中,对该药品享有()。此案中,五环制药厂有权()。
债务资金的来源有( )。
( )是指保证工程安全和使用功能,对工程质量有决定性影响的检验项目。
注册会计师对被审计单位2016年度财务报表进行审计,于2017年4月5日出具审计报告,相关审计工作底稿于2016年6月20日归档完成。关于被审计单位2016年度财务报表审计工作底稿,至少应当保存至()。
分析判断下列有关销售收入确认事项。甲公司与乙公司签订协议,约定甲公司生产并向乙公司销售一台大型设备。限于自身生产能力不足,甲公司委托丙公司生产该大型设备的一个主要部件。甲公司与丙公司签订的协议约定,丙公司生产该主要部件发生的成本经甲公司认定后,其金额的
Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirtha.gainstmanyofthemostdangerousd
Ifyouhadtoguesstheorganthathasundueinfluenceonyouremotions,yourmood,evenyourchoices,whatwouldyouguess?The
最新回复
(
0
)