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  3. Cities are getting smarter, embedded with more Internet-connected devices that are generating data in unbelievable volumes. Yet

Cities are getting smarter, embedded with more Internet-connected devices that are generating data in unbelievable volumes. Yet

admin2021-12-15  53
问题     Cities are getting smarter, embedded with more Internet-connected devices that are generating data in unbelievable volumes. Yet increasing connectivity also means increasing complexity—and sometimes, that means higher vulnerability. Deeper connectivity means the failure of one system can cascade (像瀑布般大量倾泻下来) into the failure of another.
    Having more data about those kinds of interactions is both a good and bad thing: we’ve never been able to observe the complex inner workings of society as closely but the waterfall of information is more than we can analyze, leaving us unable to see potential dangers of our newfound connectivity.
    A research of Dr. Shade Shutters, a scientist with Arizona State University’s Global Security Initiative, is focused around the "wicked problems" of resilience (恢复力) and sustainability as they apply to social and urban development. Ask anyone who studies resilience what it means and you’ll get a different definition just about every time. Many different academic disciplines and theoretical viewpoints use different definitions for the word, but Shutters says that at a fundamental level, resilience is "something that implies the long-term sustainability of a particular state of a system. "
    The challenge with designing cities with long-term sustainability in mind? They’ve become so complex that every push or pull on the system results in new and surprising outcomes. Making one part of a city more resistant to threats can potentially mean weakening another part. Improving your highway system means more lanes for traffic, which can mean less space for buildings and residences, and therefore more suburban homes being built, which can mean more urban sprawl that affects the local ecosystem.
    Shutters says he expects that in the next few years a " municipal intelligence or metropolitan intelligence" field will develop as a public-side analog to business intelligence. These positions don’t currently exist, but Shutters hypothesizes that it’s because the data modeling isn’t advanced enough to prove the benefit of such investment.
    However, a number of universities have started offering advanced degrees in "Urban Informatics," including Northeastern University and New York University’s Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), which Shutters thinks is a positive step forward.
    Topics covered in these degrees include urban informatics and technologies, geographic information systems labs, and focuses on urban modeling and simulation. The new cohort (一群；同期群组) of experts graduating from these programs will work in a field that ranges from urban design to civil engineering and from applied mathematics to statistics and public policy.
    People in those positions will be inundated (收到太多而应接不暇) with data, this time from the complex ecosystems of business, politics, land management, urban planning, water distribution and die hundreds of other systems that make up a city. But, Shutters says he hopes his work will help prepare them to filter the signals from the noise and make their cities more efficient and more resilient.
A negative effect of acquiring a large amount of data may be________.
选项 A、making the social structure complex
B、getting lost in the data flood
C、reducing our analytic abilities
D、bringing in potential threats
答案D
解析 由题干中的negative effect和data定位至第二段。细节辨认题。定位段首先指出，获取数据会有双重效应，而后重点解释了负面效应，洪水般的信息会超过人们的分析能力，让人们无法看到新的连接可能带来的潜在威胁。可见数据过多的负面问题是会带来潜在威胁，故答案为D)。
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