首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2019-09-23
69
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NIH, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists — or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions — in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion — a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also sort the scientific sheep from the goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.
A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
Before the publication of papers, peer reviews are to______.
选项
A、differentiate papers
B、evaluate them
C、exercise the power of publishers
D、add the value of journals
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据关键词定位原文第5段第2句,大意为“出版社组织同行评审专家对论文进行匿名评审”,故选B(评估论文)。值得注意的是,选项A(区分论文)也与题意接近,但不如B准确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rAMO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Whatissuggestedforyourinvestment?
Whatissuggestedforyourinvestment?
Whatissuggestedforyourinvestment?
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard?
Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthepolitician?
Whenisanordinarytropicalstormcalledahurricane?
A、Tourists.B、Mountaineers.C、Poachers.D、Businessmen.A事实细节的找寻和判断。根据原文thisislandtrip及haveatouraround等词语可判断本文针对旅游者。由此可见A项内
StockMarketVocabularyandExpressionsdebtmarketliquidinvestmentup-and-comingcounterpartyliquidityim
Accordingtothearticle,peoplenamedthisstuff"flammableice"because______
Thereportbelievesthatsomecompaniestendtofalsifyabloodtestresult.
随机试题
乳糖是一种双糖,具有还原性。
下列树种与无患子为同一科的是
心室肌细胞的有效不应期特别长(200~300ms),其原因主要为
国家药品标准没有规定的中药饮片炮制规范,必须按照哪个管理部门制定的炮制规范炮制
男性,78岁,因腹泻5天,昏睡4小时来急诊。既往高血压病史35年,无糖尿病史。查体:血压90/50mmHg,意识朦胧,检查时手足乱动,配合欠佳,皮肤弹性差,心率106次/分,呼吸22次/分,两肺未闻及干、湿啰音。腹软,肝脾未扪及,双下肢胫前轻度可凹性水肿,
“备案号”栏应填写()。“运费”栏应填写()。
甲、乙、丙、丁共同投资设立了A有限合伙企业(以下简称A企业)。合伙协议仅约定:甲、乙为普通合伙人,分别出资10万元;丙、丁为有限合伙人,分别出资15万元;由甲执行合伙企业事务,对外代表A企业。A企业存续期间,发生以下事项:(1)2月,合伙人丁自营同A企业
0,1∕3,1∕3,7∕12,5∕7,()
2006年,甲(男,籍贯X省)经人介绍认识了乙(女,籍贯Y省),两人随后发展为恋人关系。2008年3月,二人登记结婚,两人在Z直辖市租了一套房屋开始了夫妻生活。但婚后,甲与乙因琐事时常发生矛盾,导致两人感情出现危机,相互之间缺乏信任,甲也开始怀疑乙有外遇,
从所给四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:
最新回复
(
0
)