首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Planning a Writing Lesson I. What is a genre —various in kind —common features of the same genre: —layout, the level of【T1】____
Planning a Writing Lesson I. What is a genre —various in kind —common features of the same genre: —layout, the level of【T1】____
admin
2018-04-10
50
问题
Planning a Writing Lesson
I. What is a genre
—various in kind
—common features of the same genre:
—layout, the level of【T1】______ , the usage of language【T1】______
—a genre may vary between【T2】______【T2】______
II. Stages of a writing lesson
A.【T3】______【T3】______
—to make the writing more memorable and meaningful
—e. g., a complaint letter
—think about a situation and tell a partner
—compare ideas in【T4】______【T4】______
—present three best ideas to the class
B. focusing ideas
—select important or【T5】______ ideas【T5】______
—put ideas into【T6】______【T6】______
—students write continuously without worrying about
grammar, punctuation or【T7】______【T7】______
C. focusing on a model text
—function: raise awareness of the conventions of【T8】______ of【T8】______
different genres in English
—method: model text examination
—identify【T9】______ and common language from examples of【T9】______
a genre —replace【T10】______ according to the organization of the【T10】______
essay
D.【T11】______【T11】______
—draft a plan —【T12】______【T12】______
E. modifying the manuscript
—be aware of【T13】______ other than the teacher【T13】______
—incorporate【T14】______ comments【T14】______
F. writing the final draft
—check【T15】______【T15】______
【T13】
Planning a Writing Lesson
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll talk about how to plan a writing lesson. Writing, unlike speaking, is not an ability we acquire naturally, even in our first language. It needs a process of learning and practicing. Unless the second language learners are explicitly taught how to write in the new language, their writing skills are likely to get left behind as their speaking skills progress. But teaching writing is not just about grammar, spelling, or the mechanics of the Roman alphabet. Learners also need to be aware of and use the conventions of the genre in the new language.
First of all, we have to make it clear what a genre is. A genre can be anything from a menu to a wedding invitation, from a newspaper article to an estate agent’s description of a house. (1) Pieces of writing of the same genre share some features in terms of layout, the level of formality, and the usage of language. (2) However, a genre may vary considerably between cultures, and even adult learners familiar with a range of genres in their first language need to learn to use the conventions of those genres in English.
In general, there are a couple of stages involved in the process of writing in accordance with a specific genre. I don’t necessarily include all these stages in every writing lesson, and the emphasis given to each stage may differ according to the genre of the writing and the time available.
(3) As is often the case, generating ideas is the first stage of a process approach to writing. Even when producing a piece of writing of a highly conventional genre, such as a letter of complaint, using learners’ own ideas can make the writing more memorable and meaningful. Before writing a letter of complaint, learners think about a situation when they have complained about faulty goods or bad service or have felt like complaining, and tell a partner. As the first stage of preparing to write an essay, I give learners the essay title and pieces of scrap paper. (4) They have 3 minutes to work alone, writing one idea on each piece of paper, before comparing in groups. Each group can then present their 3 best ideas to the class.
(5) Then, there is another stage taken from a process approach, and it involves thinking about which of the many ideas generated are the most important or relevant, and perhaps taking a particular point of view. (6) As part of the essay-writing process, students in groups put the ideas generated in the previous stage into a mind map. The teacher then draws a mind map on the board, using ideas from the different groups. At this stage he or she can also feed in some useful collocations. This gives the learners the tools to better express their own ideas. (7)I tell my students to write individually for about 10 minutes without stopping and without worrying about grammar or punctuation. If they don’t know a particular word, they write it in their first language. This often helps learners to further develop some of the ideas used during this stage.
Once the students have got their own ideas, and thought about which are the most important or relevant, I try to give them the tools to express those ideas in the most appropriate way. (8) The examination of model texts is often prominent in product or genre approaches to writing, and will help raise awareness of the conventions of typical texts of different genres in English. (9)I give learners in groups several examples of a genre, and they use a genre analysis form to identify the features and language they have in common. This raises their awareness of the features of the genre and gives them some language "chunks" they can use in their own writing. (10) Learners are given an essay with the topic sentences taken out, and put them back in the right place. This raises their awareness of the organization of the essay and the importance of topic sentences.
(11) Once learners have seen how the ideas are organized in typical examples of the genre, they can go about organizing their own ideas in a similar way. Students in groups draft a plan of their work, including how many paragraphs and the main points of each paragraph. (12) When preparing to write an essay, students group some of the ideas produced earlier into main and supporting statements.
In a pure process approach, the writer goes through several drafts before producing a final version. In practical terms, and as part of a general English course, this is not always possible.
Nevertheless, it may be helpful to let students know beforehand if you are going to ask them to write a second draft. (13) This stage affords learners a chance to become aware of an audience other than the teacher. (14) If students are to write a second draft, I ask other learners to comment on what they liked or didn’t like about the piece of work, or what they found unclear, so that these comments can be incorporated into the second draft.
(15) Finally, when writing a final draft, students should be encouraged to check the details of grammar and spelling, which may have taken a back seat to ideas and organization in the previous stages.
All right, today we’ve illustrated necessary stages to plan a writing lesson. By going through some or all of these stages, learners use their own ideas to produce a piece of writing that uses the conventions of a genre appropriately. And in so doing, they are asked to think about the audience’s expectations of a piece of writing of a particular genre, and the impact of their writing on the reader. In our next lecture, we will get started with a specific genre and talk about how to write an academic paper.
选项
答案
an audience
解析
过程写作法的第五个阶段是修改原稿。根据句(13)可知,这一阶段给学生提供了一个机会,让他们意识到除了老师还有观众。因此答案为an audience。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rIoK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
PASSAGEFOURWhatdidAbshuandtheMasonshaveincommoninraisingachild?
Variationaccordingtothegenderofthespeakerhasbeenthesubjectofalotofrecentresearch.Insomecultures,thereare
Variationaccordingtothegenderofthespeakerhasbeenthesubjectofalotofrecentresearch.Insomecultures,thereare
PASSAGEFOURWhyarepigsmostcommonlysuggestedasorgandonors?
(1)Withthetollfromanthraxmounting,theantibioticmostcommonlyusedtotacklethedeadlybugisnowacelebrity.Newsanch
A、Tolookintothementalhealthofoldpeople.B、Toexplainwhypeoplehavenegativeviewsonoldage.C、Tohelpcorrectsomef
Negativestressiswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwethinkofstress.Andnegativestressoccurslogicallyenoughinsituationst
姚明今天已是一名优秀的球星,可当初他的追求目标却不是拿冠军、去NBA、当球星。他那玩命的训练,奋勇的拼搏,只是为了有一双合脚的鞋子,让全家人不再为他穿鞋而发愁。也许姚明如此简单的目标让人感到不可思议,但正是这看似简单的目标成就了他今天的辉煌。他认真实际地确
随机试题
石油化工中的芳烃是苯、甲苯、混合二甲苯。
肾癌肾静脉尿路造影检查肾小盏的表现有
患者,男,53岁。风湿性心脏病20年。现心悸气急,咳嗽喘促,不能平卧,咯白痰,胸脘痞闷,头晕目眩,尿少浮肿,或伴痰鸣,舌苔白腻,脉弦滑。治疗方剂是
环境容量是指对一定地区,根据其(),在特定的产业结构和污染源分布的条件下,为达到环境目标值,所允许的污染物最大排放量。
关于施工成本控制中材料用量控制及其方法的说法,正确的有()。
下列关于预制装配式水池预应力施工的错误说法是()。
税务管理可分为两个层次,包括()。
个体发展中生理发育加速而心理发展相对缓慢,身心发展最不平衡的时期是( )。
甲、乙共同分工合作,1小时录入9000字,可以确定乙单独工作1小时可录入多少字.(1)甲的录入速度是乙的50%(2)甲单独工作的效率是两人合作时录入效率的
AntsHaveBigImpactonEnvironmentas"EcosystemEngineers"ResearchbytheUniversityofExeterhasrevealedthatantshav
最新回复
(
0
)