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  3. Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine

Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine

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问题     Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and others medical Practitioners (从业者).
    "With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
    The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
    Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.
    These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.
    During these procedures—operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered—surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.
    Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine. "  
How is virtual reality surgery performed?
选项 A、It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.
B、Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.
C、Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.
D、A 3-D image records the movement s of the surgeons during the operation.
答案C
解析 本题的四个选项中，只有C项为正确答案。这可从文中第四段后面的两句“As surgeons watch...force, textures, and sound. ”推知，即外科医生通过操纵与计算机相连的仪器，由计算机将医生的操作传递给直接做手术的机械装置。
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