首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have w
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have w
admin
2022-12-06
87
问题
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit," wrote Smiles, "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles," wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past."
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies— were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.
[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.
[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers.
Petrarch
选项
答案
A
解析
复现结构+无关词排除法。本题左栏中的信息是一个人的名字Petrarch,考生以这个名字作为线索回归原文定位,发现文章第三段的第二句和第三句出现了这个名字(复现),即:In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris lllustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. 利用这些原文信息去对比7个待选项,发现A项的信息为emphasized the virtue of classical heroes. 与原文第二三段中的信息基本是复现性的重复,答案为A项。作者在其他选项中也设置一些干扰信息,如B项highlighted the public glory of the leading artists. 这里虽然出现了highlighted这个词汇的复现,但也存在着诸如glory、artists等核心无关词,因此主题不一致;又如F项dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. 中虽然出现了virtue,但核心动词是dismissed(摒弃),核心意思不一致。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rnMD777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Skepticsofhighereducationoftencomplainthatuniversitiesoffertoomanyboringdegreeswithlittlevalueintheworkplace.【
A.HelptodetectasuspectB.DiscoverthepotentialhealthproblemsearlierC.RevealtheunknownsofthefamilyD
SelectiveNewYorkCitypublichighschoolsaresupposedtomakeiteasyforfamiliestoseetheirdetailedadmissioncriteria,
CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuelBothBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft,the787
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
随机试题
试述钳闭性腹股沟疝手法复位禁忌证。
阴道大流血,休克,疑为前置胎盘,以下哪一项检查最合适
调配处方“四查十对”的内容A.对科别B.对临床诊断C.对患者姓名、年龄D.对药品性状、用法用量E.对药名、剂型、规格、数量查用药合理性的内容是
某进口设备离岸价为255万元,国际运费是25万元,海上保险费率为0.2%,关税税率为20%,则该设备的关税完税价格为()万元。
锤击沉桩法施工,不同规格钢筋混凝土预制桩的沉桩顺序是()。
某投资者收到一笔10年期每年4000元的年金,此年金将于5年后开始支付,折现率为9%,那么其现值为()元。
A市税务稽查局2019年11月5日到一般纳税人甲公司进行税务检查发现如下问题:(1)甲公司于2019年6月将其于2008年3月外购的仓库对外转让,该仓库购入时的价值为200万元,转让价款为500万元(含税),甲公司选择按照简易计税办法缴纳增值税14.29
ABC会计师事务所2×11年3月10日接受甲股份有限公司(上市公司,以下简称甲公司)的委托,对其2×10年12月31日的资产负债表及其该年度利润表、所有者权益变动表和现金流量表进行审阅,并发表审阅意见。ABC会计师事务所委派A注册会计师任具体项目负责人(非
公安机关实施拘留后,必须在24小时以内,把拘留的原因和羁押的处所通知被拘留人的家属或者他的所在单位。()
在VisualFoxPro中,主索引可以保证数据的______完整性。
最新回复
(
0
)