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  3. How different would conditions be today economically and politically if unemployment were 7 percent instead of its current 8.2 p

How different would conditions be today economically and politically if unemployment were 7 percent instead of its current 8.2 p

admin2014-08-29  66
问题     How different would conditions be today economically and politically if unemployment were 7 percent instead of its current 8.2 percent? For one thing, some two million unemployed workers would have jobs, and the rate of economic growth would be comfortably above 2 percent, instead of below that pace. This conception could have been possible if federal aid to states had been supported, saving hundreds of thousands of public-sector jobs.
    A recent analysis by the Economic Policy Institute shows that the loss of public-sector jobs, largely because of state budget cuts, has been the biggest hit to job growth over the past three years. The direct jobs lost—627, 000 since June 2009—understates the drag because population growth alone suggests that the public sector should have added nearly 500,000 jobs over that time simply to restore government employment to its norm of the last 20 years. In all, the public sector is coming up short by 1. 1 million jobs, including positions for teachers, social workers, public health officials and other professions that would have been filled by many of today’s unemployed college graduates.
    Worse, the public-sector gap of 1. 1 million jobs has translated into some 750,000 lost jobs in the private sector, the result of contractors losing government business and less spending by laid-off government workers. In addition, another 400,000 or so jobs have been lost because of cutbacks in state aid to the poor and unemployed, which reduce consumer spending.
    The effects from a depressed public sector are profound because state and local spending on employees, contractors and beneficiaries sweeps swiftly over the economy. When that spending is depressed, the entire economy suffers.
    The bottom line of the institute’s report is that if it weren’t for state and local budget tightening, the economy would have 2.3 million more jobs today. The lesson is that the best and easiest way to reverse job losses would be for Congress to provide financial aid to states. Preventing such aid, as Republicans have done, is a way to keep unemployment raised and their hopes to win the White House alive. Jobless Americans, struggling businesses and hard-pressed communities are victims in the situation.
The public sector should have added nearly 500,000 jobs to______.
选项 A、save hundreds of thousands of public-sector jobs
B、fulfill the need of growing population
C、restore government employment to its norm
D、recover job growth over the past three years
答案B
解析 事实细节题。由原文可知，仅仅人口的增长就意味着公共部门需要在这三年里增加约50万个岗位才能使得政府职位恢复到过去20年的正常水平，因此，增加岗位的目的就是为了满足人口增长对工作岗位的需求，故B)“满足增长人口的需求”为本题答案。A)“保住数十万的公共部门岗位”不是增加工作岗位的目的，故排除；C)“使政府职位恢复到正常水平”是一个干扰性比较强的选项，由原文可知，要想使政府职位恢复到正常水平就要增加工作岗位，但这不是增加工作岗位的根本目的，作者仅仅是用过去的政府职位的正常水平和现在进行对比，使读者更直观地了解到目前工作岗位缺口大这一情况，增加岗位的根本目的在于满足人口增长的需求，故排除该选项；D)“恢复过去三年中的就业增长”在原文中没有提到，故排除。
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