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  3. It is an everyday observation that animals are born, grow, and mature, then begin to lose some of their capabilities, and finall

It is an everyday observation that animals are born, grow, and mature, then begin to lose some of their capabilities, and finall

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问题     It is an everyday observation that animals are born, grow, and mature, then begin to lose some of their capabilities, and finally die. This loss of capabilities is progressive, irreversible and common for all members of a species and is called aging. In humans it shows in many ways, some very visible: decline in height, shrinkage of muscle, thinning and graying of hair, and wrinkling of skin. Internally, and even more significantly, there is the progressive loss of cells in the brain, kidneys, and other vital organs. This cell loss has resulted in stoppage of a vital process. Whatever the reason, important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age. Many of these changes are reflected in functional decline. Not only do nerve cells at levels from the brain to the spinal cord diminish, but also those that remain conduct impulses at a slower rate so that the reaction time of the older animal is slowed. Memory often shows a decline.
    Another widespread decline is in the loss of cells involved in the hearing process. The loss is most masked for high pitches and may require tile assistance of a battery-operated hearing aid. More subtle are such declines as those in the processes involved with being immune to disease, which result in a lessoned ability of the older organism to cope with infection. Indeed, pneumonia is one of the most common causes of death among the elderly population of most nations.
    Mixed with true aging processes are disease processes that may be so common as to be mistaken for aging. For instance, the buildup of deposits of fatty materials in arteries tends to be progressive with aging; everything else being equal, the narrowing of arteries results in such serious illnesses as stroke or heart attack, occurring with increasing frequency as an individual ages.
    It is now recognized that arteriosclerosis is the result of many factors, not only genetic but also environmental high blood pressure, high saturated-fat diets, and smoking, the effects of which be come more obvious with the passage of time. It is therefore an age-related, but not a universal aging, process and can thus usually be controlled.
A functional decline is ______.
选项 A、the reduction in brain nerve cells
B、the decline in memory
C、the loss of cells in hearing process
D、the shrinkage in muscle tissues
答案A
解析 第一段作者提到important tissues．．．to the brain shrink and become less competent with age．Many of these changes are reflected in functional decline，可以判断功能性减退指的是脑神经细胞的减少，而记忆减退只是其中的表现之一。
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