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Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

admin2012-05-04  54
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving.
【C12】
选项 A、congestion
B、accidents
C、restraints
D、breakdown
答案A
解析 名词辨析题。句意为：由于鱼群极少遭遇相撞或拥堵现象，它们所采用的规则也就有可能用在机器系统之中，以期解决交通问题。根据空格所在句和上下文语义，此处所填的词应是交通方面的问题，再依据or之前的crashes“相撞”可以推断，所填的名词应与其不同，但同属于交通方面的具体问题，四个选项中只有congestion“拥堵”符合之前的分析，故为答案。restraints“限制”和breakdown“突破”不是交通方面的问题，因此均排除；accidents虽可算是交通中遇到的问题，但过于笼统，与crashes不能并列，故也排除。
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