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  3. No young man starting life could have better capital than plenty of friends. They will strengthen his credit, support him in eve

No young man starting life could have better capital than plenty of friends. They will strengthen his credit, support him in eve

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问题     No young man starting life could have better capital than plenty of friends. They will strengthen his credit, support him in every great effort, and make him what, unaided, he could never be. Friends of the right sort will help him more— to be happy and successful—than much money or great learning.
    Friendship is no one-sided affair. There can be no friendship without reciprocity. One cannot receive all and give nothing, or give all and receive nothing, and expect to experience the joy and fullness of true companionship.
    Those who would make friends must cultivate the qualities which are admired and which attract. If you are mean, stingy and selfish, nobody will admire you. You must cultivate generosity and large-heartedness; you must be magnanimous and tolerant; you must have positive qualities, for a negative, shrinking, apologizing, roundabout man is despised. You must believe in yourself. If you do not, others will not believe in you. You must look upward and be hopeful, cheery and optimistic.  No one will be attracted to a gloomy pessimist.
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答案 人生刚起步的年轻人最好的资本莫过于拥有众多的朋友。朋友可以提高他的声望，会尽一切最大的努力去支持他，并使他达到他独自打拼的情况下绝不可能达到的成就。交对了朋友会比大笔的金钱或高深的学问更能让他快乐和成功。 友谊绝非一厢情愿的事。没有互利互惠可能就毫无友谊可言。一个人若只是接受而不付出，或只是付出而不收获，就无法期望能体验到真挚友谊所带来的快乐和满足感。 想交朋友必须培养受人赞赏和吸引他人的品质。如果你吝啬小气又自私自利，没人会欣赏你。你必须培养慷慨大方的气度；你必须有雅量并宽以待人；你必须有积极向上的品质，因为消极退缩、唯唯诺诺、裹足不前的人总是受人轻视。你必须相信自己，否则就不会获得别人的信任。你必须要向前看，满怀希望，愉快而乐观，没有人会理会一个沮丧的悲观者。
解析 1．第一段第一句中no…better than结构在形式上表否定，意义上却是肯定的，翻译时可运用正话反说的技巧，译为“最好的……莫过于”。
2．第二句中unaided为过去分词作状语，指“未受协助的，独立的”，根据上下文，可译为“独自打拼的情况下”。
3．第三句中名词词组friends of the right sort可转译为动词词组“交对朋友”。great learning可译为“高深的学问”或“渊博的学识”。
4．第二段第二句中reciprocity指“互惠”。
5．第三句中连词and表达的是转折语气，在翻译时可以采用否定转移的方法，译为“一个人若只是接受而不付出，或只是付出而不收获，就无法期望能体验到真挚友谊带来的快乐和满足感”。
6．第三段第一句Those who would make friends must cultivate…可译为汉语的无主句“想交朋友必须培养……”。qualities在这里不是指“质量”，而是指一个人的“品性，特质”。
7．第二句中mean和stingy都有“小气，吝啬”的含义，可采用汉语四字词来翻译。
8．第三句是个长句，可直接用顺泽法处理。large-heartedness指“慷慨，大方”。magnanimous指“宽宏大量的”。apologizing指“赔不是，道歉”，可引申为“唯唯诺诺”。roundabout指“迂回的，拐弯抹角的，裹足不前的”。
9．第四句和第五句You must believe in yourself. If you do not，others will not believe in you．可合译为一句“你必须信任你自己，否则就不会获得别人的信任。”
10．倒数第二句中look upward直译为“向上看”，可引申为“展望未来”，但汉语中通常用“向前看”来表达。
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