2. 外语
  3. Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET

Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET

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问题 Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around 150 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET.  This part of the test carries 30 points.  You will hear the passage only once. At the end of the recording, you will have 25 minutes to finish this part. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary.
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答案 The British have a reputation for being a nation of animal lovers and certainly a great many people keep pets. Dogs, cars, birds and goldfish must be the most popular, but the list does not stop there. Children, for example, are encouraged to take an interest in kinds of animal life and often keep such pets and guinea pigs, tortoises, mice, frogs and even snakes. Adults, too, will sometimes buy unusual pets. There is one store in London which claims it can supply anything from an elephant to a flea -- though it is hard to imagine the person who could afford to buy and look after an elephant. Animals are a part of life in Britain. Foreign visitors often comment on the number of dogs they see on the streets and in the parks. They are amazed, too, when they go into the supermarkets and see the section for pets. Here they find shelves full of tins and packets of different types of pet food, which often cost as much as the food on sale for humans. "You must all be crazy," one of many friends told me, "you spend more time and money on animals than you do on people! I just don’t understand." Why is it, I wondered, that people keep pets? One obvious reason is that nearly everybody has a natural curiosity about different living creatures and keeping animals affords the opportunity of observing them at close quarters. Children especially are fascinated by animals and can learn a lot by looking after them. Another reason is that animals can provide companionship. In some ways they are the easiest kind of companion to have for. As long as they are fed and housed, they demand very little in return for their relationship. They are usually constant in their affection and do not have fits of bad temper or jealousy as human friends may have. For old people in particular, a pet can play an important role in filling a gap when husbands or wives have died and members of the family live far away. With a dog or a cat or a bird to keep them company they feel a little less lonely. Of course, there is another side to the story. I often wonder about the animals themselves, for example. How do they benefit from being kept as pets? Not always so much it seems. It is all too often the case that, after the first flush of enthusiasm at having a new pet, people grow tired of it. They realize that the animal needs more care and attention, more time and money than they are prepared to give, so they neglect and sometimes even abandon it. Moreover, even then animals are well looked after, the situation is not always ideal. I always feel sorry for those big dogs you can see on the streets in big cities. I cannot help feeling how cramped their lives are in the town and how much better it would be for them to live in the countryside. I think, too, that my friend had a point when he said that some people seem more concerned about animals than about their fellow human beings. British public opinion is easily aroused in cases of cruelty to animals and this reaction is not unjustified, of course. One feels, however, that the same public opinion does not always react quite so quickly to cases of hardship among people. The question of vivisection is a good illustration of my point. Many people object to the use of live animals in medical experiments. Nobody, I suppose, actually likes the idea of cutting up live animals, but what if it is a way of finding a cure for one of the serious diseases Which afflict human beings? I personally would encourage researchers to keep on cutting. You might think that I am not animal lover myself. This is not the case and I actually have pets of my own. I merely feel that we should keep a sense of proportion. By all means let people protest against real cruelty to animals, let the British continue to be a nation of animal lovers, but not at the expense of a concern for human beings. The British have a reputation for being a nation of animal lovers and certainly a great many people keep pets. Dogs, cats, birds and goldfish must be the most popular, but the list does not stop there. Children, for example, are encouraged to take an interest in kinds of animal life and often keep such pets and guinea pigs, tortoises, mice, frogs and even snakes. Adults, too, will sometimes buy unusual pets. There is one store in London which claims it can supply anything from an elephant to a flea -- though it is hard to imagine the person who could afford to buy and look after an elephant. Animals are a part of life in Britain. Foreign visitors often comment on the number of dogs they see on the streets and in the parks. They are amazed, too, when they go into the supermarkets and see the section for pets. Here they find shelves full of tins and packets of different types of pet food, which often cost as much as the food on sale for humans. "You must all be crazy," one of many friends told me, "you spend more time and money on animals than you do on people! I just don’t understand." Why is it, I wondered, that people keep pets? One .obvious reason is that nearly everybody has a natural curiosity about different living creatures and keeping animals affords the opportunity of observing them at close quarters. Children especially are fascinated by animals and can learn a lot by looking after them. Another reason is that animals can provide companionship. In some ways they are the easiest kind of companion to have for. As long as they are fed and housed, they demand very little in return for their relationship. They are usually constant in their affection and do not have fits of bad temper or jealousy as human friends may have. For old people in particular, a pet can play an important role in filling a gap when husbands or wives have died and members of the family live far away. With a dog or a cat or a bird to keep them company they feel a little less lonely. Of course, there is another side to the story. I often wonder about the animals themselves, for example. How do they benefit from being kept as pets? Not always so much it seems. It is all too often the case that, after the first flush of enthusiasm at having a new pet, people grow tired of it. They realize that the animal needs more care and attention, more time and money than they are prepared to give, so they neglect and sometimes even abandon it. Moreover, even then animals are well looked after, the situation is not always ideal. I always feel sorry for those big dogs you can see on the streets in big cities. I cannot help feeling how cramped their lives are in the town and how much better it would be for them to live in the countryside. I think, too, that my friend had a point when he said that some people seem more concerned about animals than about their fellow human beings. British public opinion is easily aroused in cases of cruelty to animals and this reaction is not unjustified, of course. One feels, however, that the same public opinion does not always react quite so quickly to cases of hardship among people. The question of vivisection is a good illustration of my point. Many people object to the use of live animals in medical experiments. Nobody, I suppose, actually likes the idea of cutting up live animals, but what if it is a way of finding a cure for one of the serious diseases which afflict human beings? I personally would encourage researchers to keep on cutting. You might think that I am no animal lover myself. This is not the case and I actually have pets of my own. I merely feel that we should keep a sense of proportion. By all means let people protest against real cruelty to animals, let the British continue to be a nation of animal lovers, but not at the expense of a concern for human beings.
解析 一、主干内容表达部分：这部分内容为文章的主干内容，是综述的主要点信息。
    1．  The British have a reputation for being a nation of animal lovers and certainly a great many people keep pets．
    [分析]本句为全文第一句，是本段中心句，又点明全文主要议题，指明文章发展的方向，因此是框架性内容。
    2 One obvious reason is that nearly everybody has a natural curiosity about different living creatures and keeping animals affords the opportunity of observing them at close quarters．
    [分析]根据全文内容判断，英国人喜欢宠物的原因是本文涉及的主要内容之一，因此是框架性内容。
    3．  Another reason is that animals can provide companionship．
    [分析]根据全文内容判断，英国人喜欢宠物的原因是本文涉及的主要内容之一，通过信号词Another reason可知该句与前面一句形式并列，因此也是框架性内容。
    4．How do they benefit from being kept as pets? Not always so much it seems．
    [分析]这两句说明全段中心内容。根据全文脉络结构可判断，对动物处境的讨论是本文的另一重要议题，因此是框架性内容。
    5．By all means let people protest against real cruelty to animals，let the British continue to be a nation of animal lovers，but not at the expense of a concern for human beings．
    [分析]本句是全文结尾句，讲话者不但表明了自己的观点而且总结了全文主要内容，因此是框架性内容。
二、支持性细节表达部分：这部分内容为主要点的重要支持性细节，是综述的次要点信息。
1．  Animals are a part of life in Britain．
[分析]本句为段落首句，是该段中心句，也是对全文话题的扩展延伸，因此是重要的支持性细节。
2．Foreign visitors are amazed，too，when they go into the supermarkets and see the section for pets．
[分析]本句紧跟段落中心句，是不仅是对中心句的具体说明而且涵盖了本段主要内容，因此是重要的支持性细节。
3．In some ways they are the easiest kind of companion to have for．
[分析]本句是对文章框架性内容的进一步解释，将养宠物的原因之一具体深化，因此是重要的支持性细节。
4．They realize that animal needs more care and attention，more time and money than they are prepared to give，so they neglect and sometimes even abandon it．
[分析]本句是全段中心句，而且对全文重要议题之一，即动物处境问题的具体探讨，因此是重要的支持性细节。
5．Moreover，even then animals are well looked after，the situation is not always ideal．
[分析]本句位于全段中心句之后，通过信号词Moreover，可判断该句也是对全文重要议题之一，即动物处境问题的具体探讨，此句使该议题更为丰满，因此是重要的支持性细节。
6．I think，too，that my friend had a point when he said that some people seem more concerned about animals than about their fellow human beings．
[分析]本句是全段中心句，具体阐述说者关于对待动物和人的态度的观点，是对全文重要议题的补充和深化，成为重要的支持性细节。
7．One feels，however，that the same public opinion does not always react quite so quickly to cases of hardship among people．
[分析]本句位于段落中心句后，根据该句中信号词however可判断，该句观点与中心句观点不统一，此句起到了中心句观点平衡的作用，保证了全文结论全面性，因此是重要的支持性细节。
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