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  3. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,

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问题     In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
    The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
    Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
    Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism (资本主义) ? Certainly not. Problems are not solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism (工业制度) in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
In order to stay competitive at work, what are employees supposed to do?
选项 A、To do endless tests provided by company psychologists.
B、To give up their individual happiness and health.
C、To keep an eye constantly on other co-workers.
D、To take the risk of sacrificing both health and happiness.
答案D
解析 根据题干信息词competitive定位到第三段最后一句。该句指出：“他们需要不断地证明自己与竞争对手同样优秀或者比对手更优秀。这会导致不断的忧虑和压力，而这正是痛苦及疾病的起因。”由此可推断，为了保证在工作中有竞争力，雇员们得冒着失去健康和幸福的危险。故D项与原文相符，为正确答案。
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