2. 计算机
  3. The development of the Semantic Web proceeds in steps，each step building a layer on top of another．The pragmatic justification f

The development of the Semantic Web proceeds in steps，each step building a layer on top of another．The pragmatic justification f

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问题 The development of the Semantic Web proceeds in steps，each step building a layer on top of another．The pragmatic justification for this approach is that it is easier to achieve ①  on small steps，whereas it is much harder to get everyone on board if too much is attempted．Usually there are several research groups moving in different directions；this② of ideas is a major driving force for scientific progress．However,from an engineering perspective there is a need to standardize．So，if most researchers agree on certain issues and disagree on others，it makes sense to fix the points of agreement．This way,even if the more ambitious research efforts should fail，there will be at least  ③ positive outcomes．
Once a④  has been established，many more groups and companies will adopt it，instead of waiting to see which of the alternative research lines will be successful in the end．The nature of the Semantic Web is such that companies and single users must build tools，add content，and use that content．We cannot wait until the full Semantic Web vision materializes it may take another ten years for it to be realized to its full  ⑤ (as envisioned today,of course)．
横线⑤处应选择哪一项？
选项 A、area
B、goal
C、object
D、extent
答案D
解析 语义网(Semantic Web)的发展需要逐步推进，每一步都在前一层之上建立一层。这样做的务实理由是，小步骤达成共识比较容易，而如果尝试过多，要让所有人都达成共识则要困难得多。通常，会有多个研究团队沿着不同方向研究同一问题，由此产生的不同想法之间的竞争是科学进步的主要驱动力。然而，从工程化的角度而言，标准是必要的。如果大多数研究者在某些方面达成一致而在另一些方面不一致，将有助于确立哪些是共同点。这样的话，即使更宏伟的研究目标失败了，至少也能得到部分积极成果。
标准一旦建立之后，更多的团体和公司就会采纳这个标准，而不是继续观望哪个研究方案将最终胜出。语义网的本质促使公司和个人用户必须构建工具，添加内容并使用该内容。我们不能坐等语义网愿景全部实现——那可能还需要十年的时间(当然这是现在的设想)。
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