首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The operation known as a hemispherectomy—the removal of half the brain-sounds too radical to ever consider, much less perform. I
The operation known as a hemispherectomy—the removal of half the brain-sounds too radical to ever consider, much less perform. I
admin
2022-08-06
65
问题
The operation known as a hemispherectomy—the removal of half the brain-sounds too radical to ever consider, much less perform. In the past century, however, surgeons have done it hundreds of times for disorders that cannot be controlled any other way. Perhaps surprisingly, the surgery has no apparent effect on personality or memory. Does that mean a person needs only half a brain? Yes and no. People can survive and function pretty well after the procedure, but they will have some physical disabilities.
The first known hemispherectomy was performed on a dog in 1888 by German physiologist Friedrich Goltz. Neurosurgeon Walter Dandy pioneered the use of the procedure on humans at Johns Hopkins University in 1923, operating on a patient who had a brain tumor. That man lived for more than three years before ultimately dying from cancer.
In 1938, after performing a hemispherectomy on a 16-year-old girl, Canadian neurosurgeon Kenneth McKenzie reported that it could stop seizures, a neurological disorder in the brain. And today brain surgeons perform hemispherectomies on patients who undergo dozens of seizures daily that resist all medication and stem from conditions that primarily afflict one hemisphere. "These disorders are often progressive and damage the rest of the brain if not treated," explains neurosurgeon Gary W. Mathern of the University of California, Los Angeles.
The surgery takes two forms. Anatomical hemispherectomies involve the removal of an entire hemisphere, whereas functional hemispherectomies take out only parts of a hemisphere—as well as severing the connections between the two halves of the brain. Doctors often prefer anatomical hemispherectomies because "leaving even a little bit of brain behind can lead seizures to return," says neurologist John Freeman of Johns Hopkins, which specializes in the procedure. On the other hand, functional hemispherectomies, which U.C.L.A. surgeons usually perform, lead to less blood loss. "Our patients are usually under two years of age, so they have less blood to lose," Mathern says. Neurosurgeons have performed the functional operation on children as young as three months old. In these tiny patients, memory and personality develop normally.
Most Johns Hopkins hemispherectomy patients are older than five years. A recent study found that 86 percent of the 111 children who underwent the procedure at Johns Hopkins between 1975 and 2001 are either seizure-free or have non-disabling seizures that do not require medication. Another study found that children who underwent a hemispherectomy often improved academically once their seizures stopped. "One was champion bowler of her class, one was chess champion of his state, and others are in college doing very nicely," Freeman notes.
From Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3, we learn that
选项
A、hemispherectomy has become a common procedure since 1888.
B、the first patient performed with hemispherectomy finally conquered cancer.
C、the entire hemisphere must be removed once diagnosed with seizures.
D、seizures are hazardous because they can spread to the entire hemisphere.
答案
D
解析
根据题干直接定位到第二、三段。其中第三段提到癫痫起初主要对一个脑半球产生危害,如不进行治疗,病情可能会导致另一脑半球也发生病变,D项与之相符。A项中的a common procedure与文意相悖,因为直到1923年才有人开创了对人类进行大脑半球切除手术的先河;B项中的finally conquered与文中的dying from cancer相悖:C项中的the entire hemisphere有误,且文中提到的是只对病情发展到一定程度的癫痫患者做手术,once“一旦”后的内容也不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tFmZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Atschoolwewentoveroursocialnetworkingguidelines.【C1】______theobvious—don’tbeinappropriatewithstudentsthroughtexti
Lawyersarelessthan1%ofAmericanadults,【C1】______theyarewell-representedingovernment.Boththepresidentandthevice-p
"Beforetheoperation,IwouldlookatsomeoneandallIcouldseefortheirfacewasjelly,"saysJonathanWyatt"Now,Icanse
Insomniacs(someonewhocannotsleepeasily)don’tjustsufferatnight.Duringtheday,theyoftenfeelsleepy,havetroubleconc
Insomniacs(someonewhocannotsleepeasily)don’tjustsufferatnight.Duringtheday,theyoftenfeelsleepy,havetroubleconc
Therigidhigher-educationbusinessisabouttoexperienceawelcomeearthquake.Traditionaluniversitiesnowfaceanew【C1】____
Therigidhigher-educationbusinessisabouttoexperienceawelcomeearthquake.Traditionaluniversitiesnowfaceanew【C1】____
Therigidhigher-educationbusinessisabouttoexperienceawelcomeearthquake.Traditionaluniversitiesnowfaceanew【C1】____
Hydrocarbons,______byengineexhausts,reactwithnitrogenoxidesinthepresenceofsunlighttoformcomplextoxicgases.
Thedoctorsuggestedthatyourbrotheravoid______hisrighthand.
随机试题
居民委员会的建立、撤销、规模调整是由()
Didyoueverhavesomeone’snameonthetipofyourtongueandyetyouwereunabletorecallit?【C1】______thishappensagain,do
发生于声带的病变首发症状是
提高胃癌治愈率的关键是
案情:某市公安局于2009年1月4日对曹某(男,24岁)、翁某(男,21岁)持刀抢劫致人重伤一案立案侦查。经侦查查明,曹某、翁某实施抢劫犯罪事实清楚,依法应当追究刑事责任。曹某、翁某抢劫案于2009年3月30日侦查终结,移送市人民检察院审查起诉。市人民检察
下列关于司法活动的说法中,哪些选项是正确的?()
我国规定的安全电压为()。
组织内的层次结构又可称为()。
下列数据搜集方法中,属于搜集第二手数据的有()。
下面哪一种茶不是绿茶?()
最新回复
(
0
)