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  3. Scientific advances sometimes come as lightning flashes of inspiration. But when scientists sit down to record and take credit o

Scientific advances sometimes come as lightning flashes of inspiration. But when scientists sit down to record and take credit o

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问题     Scientific advances sometimes come as lightning flashes of inspiration. But when scientists sit down to record and take credit of what they’ve found, they still use much the same method they have for decades—an article published in a scholarly journal.
    But science’s old-fashioned traditions are changing. The Internet has opened up new forms of publishing in which anyone in the world can find and read a scientific paper. And papers themselves are becoming more interactive, leading readers to the underlying data, videos, and discussions that augment their value. With blogs and e-books providing easy means of self-publishing, some observers are speculating that scholarly journals and their controversial system of peer reviews may not be needed at all.
    "The traditional journal publishing medium we’ve grown accustomed to really needs to evolve and change because that’s not the way people are accessing information," says Mark Gerstein, a professor of biomedical informatics at Yale University in New Haven, Conn. Dr. Gerstein cowrote an article, "The Death of the Scientific Paper," which appeared last year on The-Scientist. com, an online science magazine.
    If the hopes of innovators bear fruit, scientific advances will come ever more quickly as online publishing makes past research easier to access and share widely. One new scientific publication, available only online, may signal what’s ahead. The PLoS ONE (plosone. org), a journal begun by the Public Library of Science (PLoS) last month, aims to put as many new scientific articles as possible on the Internet to be read by anyone, free of charge.
    At PLoS ONE, which aspires to be a general science journal along the lines of Science and Nature, the papers themselves are only a starting point. Readers can annotate, comment on, and criticize the findings: Their contributions become permanently attached to the original article. At least one commentator has likened this process to a kind of "electronic Talmud" in which the original document receives elaborate commentary and discussion that over time adds greatly to its value.
    In coming months, says Chris Surridge, the managing editor of PLoS ONE, readers also will be able to rate papers on their quality, such as how surprising or groundbreaking the results were— much in the way Netflix subscribers rate movies they rent using one-to five-star ratings. In this sense, PLoS ONE is moving toward a Web 2. 0 model, which focuses on user-generated content strategies already used by websites such as Digg. com, Slashdot. org, or Amazon. com.
According to the text, some observers forecast that________.
选项 A、scientific advances frequently originate from sudden new thoughts
B、scientists will adhere to publishing an article in a scholarly journal
C、scholarly journals and systems of peer reviews may no longer be needed
D、blogs and e-books have become the easiest channel of publication
答案C
解析 本题是细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第二段末句。该句指出With blogs and e-books providing easy means of self-publishing，some observers are speculating that scholarly journals and their controversial system of peer reviews may not be needed at all(随着博客和电子图书这种简易的私人出版方式的出现，一些观察家预测，学术性期刊及其颇具争议的同行评审制度可能会失去存在的必要)，故答案选C。文章首句提到，“科学进步有时会像闪电一样闪现灵感”，A项中的副词frequently和原文中的sometimes程度不一样，不属于同义替换，且这也不是观察家预测的，故排除；首段第二句提到，科学家的一贯方式是在学术期刊上发表论文，但这不是观察家们预测的趋势，故排除B项；第二段末句提到With blogs and e-books providing easy means of self-publishing…(随着博客和电子图书这种简易的私人出版方式的出现……)，D项错在时态have become和最高级easiest上，与文章内容不符，故排除。
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