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  3. 莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

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问题 莎士比亚时期的戏剧
    ——2018年英译汉及详解
Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46) By the date of his birth, Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organization of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment, and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might vet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public play house was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’ s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lily, Peele and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kid had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage— where they had paled no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabeth drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blessing, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great career. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire has survived.
【F4】
选项
答案一种当地的文学戏剧艺术得以诞生，随之其与公众剧院的联盟也得以确立，最终它的一些优良传统也得以开始传承。
解析 本句考查的重点是：并列句和独立主格结构。
    该句是并列句，主干是A native literary drama had been created，and at least some of its great traditions had been begun，由and连接的两个分句构成。
    独立主格结构its alliance with the public playhouses established在句中作结果状语，说明当地文学戏剧创造出来之后的结果。本句还考查了被动结构的翻译，因为汉语中较少使用被动，多用主动语态表达，因此翻译时可以采用去掉“被”字的方法以及将“被”字替换成其他词如“受到、得到、得以”的方法来表达，故had been created可译为“诞生了”，被动含义的established译为“得以确立”，had been begun译为“得以开始”，与前面的some of its great traditions连在一起即为“一些伟大传统得以开始”，很明显意义不完整，需要增译“传承”。
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