首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
admin
2017-07-09
92
问题
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations(附属机构) from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it— is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives(档案) , where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories(仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
In the first paragraph, the author discusses_________.
选项
A、the background information of journal editing.
B、the publication routine of laboratory reports.
C、the relations of authors with journal publishers.
D、the traditional process of journal publication.
答案
D
解析
细节题。第一段是本文的引子,为第二段的论述做铺垫。综合各句子的含义可以看出,第一段主要描述了科研成果发表的传统过程。因此D项“传统的期刊出版过程”为正确答案,traditional和文中的used to相对应。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tkbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbespeakingorlearningEnglishby2015,researcherssay.Twobillionpeopleareexpectedto
【F1】Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehav
【F1】We’removing;intoanotherera,asthetoxiceffectsofthebubbleanditsgraveconsequencesspreadthroughthefinancials
BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsonthe
【F1】Mostpeopleknowthatawkwardfeelingwhenyoushuffleintoanelevatorwithotherpeopleandtrynottomakeeyecontact.【
Manyphilosophershavearguedthatpeoplemakedecisionsaboutwhat’srightandwrongbasedonmoralprinciplesandrationaltho
【F1】Whenpeopletellmethattheyloveanimalsbecausethey’refeelingbeingsandthengoontoabusethem,ItellthemthatI’m
[A]Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwoofther
[A]Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwoofther
随机试题
简述中国长期流传的饮食观念。
A.胃B.十二指肠C.空肠D.回肠吸收维生素B12的主要部位是
抗菌药物氯霉素抗菌谱较广,但现已较少应用于临床抗感染主要是因为其
大气污染物通常以__________存在于空气中。()
该长期借款的资本成本率为( )。追加筹资的综合资本成本率为( )。
下列各项中,符合我国税收立法规定的有()。
设立普通合伙企业的条件有()。
近年来,我国流动人口一直维持在2亿人以上,且持续增长,城乡间人口流动是主要的流动形式。据此完成下列问题。城乡间人口流动与城市经济发展、农村经济水平提高联系密切。下面三者关系排序应是()。①城乡间人口流动②农业专业化发展
在下列有关Windows98/XP处理器管理功能的叙述中,错误的是
一棵二叉树的前序遍历结果是ABCEDF,中序遍历结果是CBAEDF,则其后序遍历的结果是()。
最新回复
(
0
)