首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage q
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage q
admin
2013-02-05
27
问题
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1~7, mark
Y (for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO ) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8~10, complete the sentences With the information given in the passage.
Influenza
Influenza is caused by a virus transmitted from one person to another in droplets coughed or sneezed into the air. It is characterized by cold like symptoms plus chills, fever, headaches, muscle aches, and fatigue. Most people recover completely in about a week.
In addition to humans, influenza occurs in pigs, horses, and several other mammals (哺乳动物) as well as in certain wild and domesticated birds. At least some influenza viruses can jump from one species to another. For example, in late 1997 a strain of the influenza virus in chickens began to infect humans in Hong Kong, leading to a massive effect to remove the strain.
Many millions of people develop the flu each year. In most years less than 1 percent of those infected die. Nonetheless, this translates into large numbers. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that influenza causes more than 20,000 deaths in the United States each year; combined, influenza and pneumonia (肺炎)are among the nation’s ten leading causes of death. During epidemics and pandemics, death rates soar. The influenza pandemic that occurred between 1918 and 1919--the worse on record--killed about 500,000 people in the United States and more than 20 million people worldwide.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Influenza is an acute disease with a rapid onset and obvious symptoms. After the influenza virus invades a person’s body, an period of one or two days passes before symptoms appear. Classic symptoms include sore throat, dry cough, stuffed or runny no, se, chills, fever with temperatures as high as 39℃, aching muscles and joints, headache, loss of appetite, occasional nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. For most people flu symptoms begin to subside after two to three days and disappear in seven to ten days. However, coughing and fatigue may persist for two or more weeks.
Death from influenza itself is rare. But influenza can worsen underlying medical conditions, such as heart or lung disease. Invading influenza viruses produce inflammation (发炎) in the lining of the respiratory tract, damage that increases the risk that secondary infections will develop. Common complications include bronchitis, sinusitis, and bacterial pneumonia, occurring most frequently in the elderly, people on chemotherapy (化学疗法), and people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or another disease that compromises the immune system. If properly treated, these complications seldom are fatal.
Because influenza is so common and exhibits standard symptoms, doctors often diagnose the illness based on the season and whether flu cases have recently been reported in the area. TO prove a diagnosis of influenza in a patient, the virus must be isolated from the person’s nasal or cough secretions or blood and identified under a microscope.
Treatment and prevention
There is no specific cure for influenza. Recommended treatment usually consists of bed rest and increased intake of fluids until fever and other symptoms lessen in severity. Certain drugs have been found effective in lessening flu symptoms, but medical efforts against the disease focus chiefly on prevention by means of vaccines that create immunity.
Vaccines
A flu vaccine consists of greatly weakened or killed flu viruses, or fragments of dead viruses. Antigens (抗原) in the vaccine stimulate a person’s immune system to produce antibodies against the viruses. If the flu viruses invade a vaccinated person at a later time, the immune system recognizes the antigens and quickly responds to help destroy the viruses.
About 5 to 10 percent of people who receive a flu vaccine experience mild, temporary side effects, typically soreness at the injection site. Young children who have not previously been exposed to the influenza virus are most likely to have side effects.
Flu viruses constantly Change so different virus strains must be incorporated in vaccines from one year to the next. Scientists try to provide a good match between the vaccine and the most serious virus strains circulating at the time. But because it takes months to manufacture and distribute vaccines, decisions on their composition must be made well before the start of each flu season. Each February experts at the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend the composition of the vaccine for the forthcoming winter in the Northern Hemisphere; a second recommendation is made in September for vaccine to be used in the Southern Hemisphere. Typically vaccines contain antigens from three virus strains, usually two type A and one type B.
According to the CDC, the success of the flu vaccines varies from one person to another. In healthy young adults, the vaccines are 70 to 90 percent effective in preventing the disease, In the elderly and people with certain chronic medical conditions, the vaccines are less effective in preventing illness but help reduce the severity of an infection and the risk of major complications or death. Studies show that flu vaccines reduce hospitalization by about 70 percent and death by about 85 percent among elderly people.
Historic outbreaks
Evidence suggests that all influenza viruses in mammals, including humans, derived from viruses in wild ducks and other birds. Some of these viruses could have been acquired by humans thousands of years ago. But medical historians know of no clearly identifiable influenza epidemics until large-scale outbreaks occurred in Europe in 1510, 1557, and 1580. The 1580 outbreak also spread into Africa and Asia, making it the first known pandemic (广大地域流行). Pandemics have occurred periodically ever since. Major pandemics took place in 17294 1730, 173241733, 1781 1782, 183041831, 1833, and 1889-1890. The last of these, called the Russian flu because it reached Europe from the east, was the first pandemic for which detailed records are available.
In the 20th century, major pandemics occurred in 1918~1919, 1957~1958, and 1968~1969. The 1918~1919 pandemic was the most destructive in recorded history. It started as World War Ⅰ (1914~1918) was ending and caused 20 million deaths--twice as many deaths as the war itself. When and where the pandemic began is uncertain, but because Spain experienced the first major outbreak, the disease came to be called the Spanish flu. The virus was exceptionally deadly; many of the deaths were among young adults age 20 to 40, a group usually not severely affected by influenza.
No additionally pandemics occurred during the 20th century, but public health experts expect that there will be more pandemics in coming years. While scientists do not yet know how to accurately predict flu outbreaks, they have established an international network to track and monitor outbreaks so that health officials can take immediate preventive measures to avoid pandemics. The international network, called FluNet, consists of about 110 influenza centers in more than 80 countries and several World Health Organization (WHO) centers, all linked electronically.
In the United States influenza is one of the ten principle causes of death.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
A
解析
细节题。在美国,流感是导致死亡的10种原因之一。文章第三段讲流感和肺炎属于美国人的10大死亡原因。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ttI7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldWeAbolishtheOne-ChildPolicy?Youshouldwri
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledCareerorMarriage?.Youshouldwriteatleast150wor
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofChildrenObesity.Youshouldwriteatleast150
Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday’scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthemanagerofabusiness
Fiveminutesearlier,______(我们就能赶上最后一趟火车了)
ComparingYourselftoOthers:It’sNotAllBad"Tocompareistodespair,"thesayinggoes,andI’vegenerallyfoundittob
A、Theweather.B、Thecultures.C、Thecustoms.D、Thefamilymember.D事实细节题。短文提到亚洲东部一些国家的人碰到陌生人时会以提问对方一些私人问题开始他们的谈话,如家庭、家或工作。这些问题被
A、At8a.m.today.B、At5p.m.today.C、NextMondaymorning.D、NextMondayafternoon.D推理判断题。对话最后女士表示期待男士的加入并希望在下星期一下午见到他。由此可知,该
ReformofEnglishEducation1.目前要求改革大学英语教育的呼声很高2.产生这一现象的原因3.你认为应如何改革英语教育
Makealisteachdayofallthatyouaregratefulfor,______(这样你就能每天都注意到从别人那里得到了什么).
随机试题
患者,男,60岁。慢性支气管炎病史20年。近半年活动后心悸,气短。查体:有肺气肿体征,两肺散在干、湿啰音。剑突下可见心尖搏动,肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进。应首先考虑的是()
根据《安全生产法》的规定,生产经营单位主要负责人的安全生产职责不包括()。
《中华人民共和国海关法》明确规定:海关依法独立行使职权,向海关总署负责。()
甲公司与乙公司分别签订了两份合同:一是采购合同,甲公司购买乙公司50万元货物,但因故合同未能兑现;二是以货换货合同,甲公司的货物价值200万元,乙公司的货物价值150万元。甲公司应缴纳印花税为()。
留学异国的人常有“边缘人”的苦闷。人们显然不可能在进入一块陌生国土的同时,就在一瞬间也加入它的文化,而原来的文化背景又会由于天长地远而渐渐疏离。在实际生活中,两种__________的文化,会经常骤然直率地在我们面前相遇、碰撞,一开始真有无所适从亦无可躲避
为了在5年后获得本息和2万元,年利为2%,以单利计算,需要在现在存入()(清华大学2017年真题)
根据我国宪法的规定,在每年召开的全国人大例行会议上,应当向全国人大报告工作的国家机关是()。
以下关于信息和信息化的论述中,不正确的是(37)。
下列变量名中不合法的是( )。
Televisionnowplayssuchanimportantpartinsomanypeople’slivesthatitis【B1】______forustotrytodecidewhetheritis
最新回复
(
0
)