首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a
admin
2014-06-13
75
问题
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)
A. "For decades, the cognitive and neural sciences have treated mental processes as though they involved passing discrete packets of information in a strictly feed-forward fashion from one cognitive module to the next or in a string of individuated binary symbols—like a digital computer", said Spivey. "More recently, however, a growing number of studies, such as ours, support dynamical-systems approaches to the mind. In this model, perception and cognition are mathematically described as a continuous trajectory through a high-dimensional mental space; the neural activation patterns flow back and forth to produce nonlinear, self-organized, emergent properties—like a biological organism".
B. The computer metaphor describes cognition as being in a particular discrete state, for example, "on or off" or in values of either zero or one, and in a static state until moving on. If there was ambiguity, the model assumed that the mind jumps the gun to one state or the other, and if it realizes it is wrong, it then makes a correction.
C. In his study, 42 students listened to instructions to click on pictures of different objects on a computer screen. When the students heard a word, such as "candle", and were presented with two pictures whose names did not sound alike, such as a candle and a jacket, the trajectories of their mouse movements were quite straight and directly to the candle. But when the students heard "candle" and were presented with two pictures with similarly sounding names, such as candle and candy, they were slower to click on the correct object, and their mouse trajectories were much more curved. Spivey said that the listeners started processing what they heard even before the entire word was spoken.
D. In a new study published online this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (June 27—July 1), Michael Spivey, a psycholinguist and associate professor of psychology at Cornell, tracked the mouse movements of undergraduate students while working at a computer. The findings provide compelling evidence that language comprehension is a continuous process.
E. Whereas the older models of language processing theorized that neural systems process words in a series of discrete stages, the alternative model suggests that sensory input is processed continuously so that even partial linguistic input can start "the dynamic competition between, simultaneously active representations".
F. "When there was ambiguity, the participants briefly didn’t know which picture was correct and so for several dozen milliseconds, they were in multiple states at once. They didn’t move all the way to one picture and then correct their movement if they realized they were wrong, but instead they traveled through an intermediate gray area", explained Spivey. "The degree of curvature of the trajectory shows bow much the other object is competing for their interpretation; the curve shows continuous competition. They sort of partially heard the word both ways, and their resolution of the ambiguity was gradual rather than discrete; it’s a dynamical system".
G. "In thinking of cognition as working as a biological organism does, on the other hand, you do not have to be in one state or another like a computer, but can have values in between—you can be partially in one state and another, and then eventually gravitate to a unique interpretation, as in finally recognizing a spoken word", Spivey said.
Order: D is the first paragraph and E is the last.
选项
答案
G
解析
选项G与上段对比(on the other hand...),介绍了Spivey的研究观点,为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/u0O4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-G
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat【1】overandovera
Inordertounderstand,howeverimperfectly,whatismeantby"face",wemusttake【1】ofthefactthat,asarace,theChineseha
ArecentpollindicatedthathalftheteenagersintheUnitedStatesbelievethatcommunicationbetweenthemandtheirparentsi
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions(41-45),choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gt
ReadthefollowingChinesetextandwriteanabstractofitin80—100Englishwords.全球化的兴起是席卷全世界的经济和文化趋势。当我们步人21世纪时,它已形成新的
Forthefirsttime,GeorgeBushhasacknowledgedtheexistenceofsecretCIAprisonsaroundtheworld,wherekeyterroristsuspe
(46)Forcenturiesthinkershaveassumedthattheuniquelyhumancapacityforreasoninghasexistedtoletpeoplereachbeyondm
"Cleverness"ChargedBarbedWireNetCurrentGroup,aGermantown-basedtechnologyfirm,hastakenoveranordinarylookingh
随机试题
肺结节病的发病机制可能与________、________、________等多种因素有关。
[2008年,第14题]级数的收敛性是()。
根据《水工建筑物水泥灌浆施工技术规范》(DL/T5148—2012),三排孔组成的帷幕灌浆应按()顺序进行。
宏发公司股票的β系数为1.5,无风险利率为4%,股票的必要收益率为10%,则市场上所有股票的平均收益率为()。
小徐三年后需要2万元来支付研究生的学费,投资收益率是8%,那么,现在小徐至少需要拿出()元钱来进行投资。(取最接近数值)
9999×3+101×11×(101—92).
给定资料1.有人撰文称:“以淘宝为代表的电子商务,正在一步一步摧毁实体经济。而造成这一切的罪魁祸首,就是互联网。”文中称:“淘宝扼杀了中国很多产业的创新力。它造成了全国比价,进而无限压低利润空间,导致制造业凋零,‘中国创造’之路或将从此举步维艰。而且由
由于海沟深埋于数千米甚至万米海水之下,难于寻找,因此大部分主要海沟都是直到20世纪才被发现。不过它们都有着明显的“影子”:_______,如阿留申海沟对应阿留申群岛、日本海沟对应日本列岛、菲律宾海沟对应菲律宾群岛等。不过秘鲁一智利海沟对应的不是岛弧,而是高
HUBRIDSOLARLIGHTING—LighttheinteriorsofBuildingswithSunlight!Hybridsolarlightingisasystemthatcapturess
InternetofThingsEraIsComingA)FrommeatthermometersmonitoredwithasmartphonetoWi-Fi-equippeddogcollars,devicesan
最新回复
(
0
)