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  3. The period of adolescence, i.e. , the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectat

The period of adolescence, i.e. , the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectat

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问题    The period of adolescence, i.e. , the person between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitute maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence  is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled  with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
   In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, fights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full rare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age alter majority status has been attained. None of these legal previsions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ______.
选项 A、graduations from schools and colleges
B、social recognition
C、socio-economic status
D、certain behavioral changes
答案C
解析 该题问；以前用于标志青少年时代的社会仪式已被什么取代?本文讲的是有关青少年阶段的界线划分问题。本文的第一段第二句：In primitive societies...while in industrial society...against child labor...讲的是在工业社会，由于教育的延长和反对雇佣童工的法律，青少年阶段延长了。C项显然为正确答案。
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