首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research——and the scientists’ contempt of utility was a long time dying. For a mill
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research——and the scientists’ contempt of utility was a long time dying. For a mill
admin
2013-01-28
40
问题
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research——and the scientists’ contempt of utility was a long time dying. For a millennium after Archimedes, this separation of mechanics from geometry inhibited fundamental technological progress and in some areas repressed it altogether. But there was a still greater obstacle to change until the very end of the middle ages: the organization of society. The social system of fixed class relationships that prevailed through the Middle Ages (and in some areas much longer) itself hampered improvement. Under this system, the laboring masses, in exchange for the bare necessities of life, did all the productive work, while the privileged few——priests, nobles, and kings——concerned themselves only with ownership and maintenance of their own position. In the interest of their privileges they did achieve considerable progress in defense, in warmaking, in government, in trade, in the arts of leisure, and in the extraction of labor from their dependents, but they had no familiarity with the process of production. On the other hand, the laborers, who were familiar with manufacturing techniques, had no incentive to improve or increase production to the advantage of their masters. Thus, with one class possessing the requisite knowledge and experience, but lacking incentive and leisure, and the other class lacking the knowledge and experience, there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved.
The whole ancient world was built upon this relationship——a relationship as sterile as it was inhuman. The availability of slaves nullified the need for more efficient machinery. In many of the coxnmonplace fields of human endeavor, actual stagnation prevailed for thousands of years. Not all the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome could develop the windmill or contrive so simple an instrument as the wheelbarrow——products of the tenth and thirteenth centuries respectively.
For about twenty-five centuries, two-thirds of the power of the horse was lost because he wasn’t shod, and much of the strength of the ox was wasted because his harness wasn’t modified to fit his shoulders. For more than five thousand years, sailors were confined to rivers and coasts by a primitive steering mechanism which required remarkably little alteration (in the thirteenth century) to become a rudder.
With any ingenuity at all, the ancient plough could have been put on wheels and the ploughshare shaped to bite and turn the sod instead of merely scratching it——but the ingenuity wasn’t forthcoming. And the villager of the Middle Ages, like the men who first had fire, had a smoke hole in the center of the straw and reed thatched roof of his’ one-room dwelling (which he shared with his animals), while the medieval charcoal burner (like his Stone Age ancestor) made himself a hut of small branches.
In supporting his contentions about the ancient world, the author relies mainly on illustrations drawn from ______.
选项
A、examples of the separation of mechanics and geometry
B、case studies of lack of social communication between classes
C、technology
D、his concern with the plight of the laboring classes.
答案
C
解析
全文理解题,C最符合文意。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ut1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
CrossingWesleyanUniversity’scampususuallyrequireswalkingovercolorfulmessageschalkedontheground.Theycanbeasinno
A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin200words.B.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow.Outlin
TogetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmorethantwodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvil
Wealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid______totheworld’spoor.
Thereisprobablynolimittowhatsciencecandointhewayofincreasingpositiveexcellence.(1)Healthhasalreadybeengrea
ClimaticconditionsaredelicatelyadjustedtothecompositionoftheEarth’satmosphere.Iftherewereachangeintheatmosphe
Thepublicmightwellsanctionawiderrangeofprogrammingthanwouldstrictlybeimpliedbythe"gap-filling"approach,butth
MosheKatzma,24,deniedany______withthebeatinggiventothehomelessman,whowasfoundoutsideaNationalHeadquartersoffi
A、harshlyB、huskilyC、strictlyD、severelyA本题考核的知识点是副词。A项表示“急剧地”;B项表示“刺耳地”;C项表示“严厉地”;D项表示“严格地”。根据句义,应选A。五月份德国商业信心企业环境指数大幅下降。
Acompletelynewsituationwill______whenthenewexaminationsystemcomesintoexistence.
随机试题
有关排卵,以下哪项是错误的
雌二醇地塞米松
治疗痈初期的代表方剂是
韩女士,60岁,跌倒致右股骨颈骨折,现给予持续皮牵引处理。该患者最易发生的并发症是
李春与杜某系夫妻,二人同住甲市城关区无线电厂家属楼,但在老家乙市郊区有房6间,由其长子李明居住。2008年李春夫妇遇车祸双亡。老人的长女李梅已出嫁,住甲市。老人的次子李可(17岁)于2010年考上乙市的某大学,因该大学离李明住处近,李可便要求李明之妻张丽将
利害关系人申请诉前证据保全的,申请人应当提供担保。不提供担保的,裁定驳回申请。人民法院接受申请后,必须在()小时内作出裁定;裁定采取保全措施的,应当立即开始执行。
税收立法程序是税收立法活动中必须遵循的法定步骤,目前我国税收立法程序经过的主要阶段有()。(2016年)
下列哪项是实验病理学的研究方法?()
保持事务的原子性是数据库管理系统中哪一个部件的责任?
【T1】Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereafifthgraderfacingahugehomeworkloadeverynight,andyoufoundbutthattherewasamac
最新回复
(
0
)