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  3. These have been the best of times for many of the nation’s top universities and the worst of times for middle-income families st

These have been the best of times for many of the nation’s top universities and the worst of times for middle-income families st

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问题      These have been the best of times for many of the nation’s top universities and the worst of times for middle-income families struggling to afford them.【61】 Thanks to a sturdy stock market, school do nations have ballooned; yet increases in tuition becomes steep, which few institutions have held down.
     Williams College, a prestigious arts school in Massachusetts, announced last month that for the first time in 46 years, its tuition would remain steady at $31,520. Last week students at Princeton University learned that their annual $31,599 tuition, room and board will rise just 3.3 % -- the smallest hike in 30 years.
     【62】 These shows of restraint may signal a turnaround from the exceptionally large tuition increases of recent years, as some schools now consider using their donations to control price increases. Since 1080 ,college costs have more than doubled, after adjustment for inflation, while the median in come of families with college-age children has increased only 12%. Last year tuition rose an average of 4.6%, the lowest jump in 12 years -- but still more than twice the rate of inflation. Remaining affordable for middle-class parents is the 800-lb. gorilla facing colleges and universities.
     Williams held its tuition flat by paying more of its bills with the investment profits on its $1. 1 billion endowment and with contributions from alumni. 【63】 But college officials who oppose using do nations to freeze tuition say the students most sensitive to increases are not affected by them. If we were to keep tuition constant, would it change the situation here for students in need ? The school plans to boost scholarships to needy students this year as much as $2,250 a person. To be sure, there is no shortage of families who can afford elite institutions. Despite annual tuition hikes at Harvard, its applicant pool swelled from 13,029 in 1992 to 18,167 last year. 【64】 Gordon Winston who works at Williams College as an economist says that families that equate price with quality have allowed costs at elite schools to be on" automatic pilot". Most wealthy families can afford the high tuitions, and poor families get financial aid, but middle-income families get squeezed.
     One reason colleges are curbing tuition increases is to attract those middle-income students. Rice University in Houston uses its $3 billion endowment to guarantee that tuition for sophomores ,juniors and seniors will not leap ahead of the consumer price index. 【65】Another reason why the universities and colleges now restrain their educational fees is out of concern that public resentful anger will prompt government intervention. Congress is already tackling the issue during two days of hearings this week, and President Clinton recently proposed a $31 billion package to make higher education more affordable.
【62】
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答案这些抑制学费的措施也许是最近几年学费暴涨形势发生逆转的迹象，因为一些学校目前已经开始考虑用所获得的资助来控制价格上涨。
解析 本句为含有as引导的原因状语从句的主从复合句。其中主句的主语是these shows，signal是谓语，as引导原因状语从句。翻译此句的关键在于理解these shows of restraint指代的内容。
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