首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
There are as many definitions of philosophy as there are philosophers—perhaps there are even more. After three millennia of phil
There are as many definitions of philosophy as there are philosophers—perhaps there are even more. After three millennia of phil
admin
2022-07-24
27
问题
There are as many definitions of philosophy as there are philosophers—perhaps there are even more. After three millennia of philosophical activity and disagreement, it is unlikely that we’ll reach consensus, and I certainly don’t want to add more hot air to the volcanic cloud of unknowing. What I’d like to do in the opening column in this new venture is to kick things off by asking a slightly different question: What is a philosopher?
【R1】________
Socrates tells the story of Thales, who was by some accounts the first philosopher. He was looking so intently at the stars that he fell into a well. Some witty Thracian servant girl is said to have made a joke at Thales’ expense—that in his eagerness to know what went on in the sky he was unaware of the things in front of him and at his feet. Socrates adds, in Seth Benardete’s translation, "The same jest suffices for all those who engage in philosophy. "
What is a philosopher, then? The answer is clear: a laughing stock, an absent-minded buffoon, the butt of countless jokes from Aristophanes’ "The Clouds" to Mel Brooks’ "History of the World". Whenever the philosopher is compelled to talk about the things at his feet, he gives not only the Thracian girl but the rest of the crowd a belly laugh.
【R2】________
But as always with Plato, things are not necessarily as they first appear, and Socrates is the greatest of ironists. First, we should recall that Thales believed that water was the universal substance out of which all things were composed. Water was Thales’ philosophers’ stone, as it were. Therefore, by falling into a well, he inadvertently presses his basic philosophical claim.
But there is a deeper and more troubling layer of irony here that I would like to peel off more slowly. Socrates introduces the "digression" by making a distinction between the philosopher and the lawyer, or what Benardete nicely renders as the "pettifogger".
【R3】________
By contrast, we might say, the philosopher is the person who has time or who takes time. Theodorus, Socrates’ interlocutor, introduces the "digression" with the words, "Aren’t we at leisure, Socrates? " The latter’s response is interesting. He says, "It appears we are. " As we know, in philosophy appearances can be deceptive.
【R4】________
Pushing this a little further, we might say that to philosophize is to take your time, even when you have no time, when time is constantly pressing at your back. The busy readers of The New York Times will understand this sentiment.
【R5】________
Socrates says that those in the constant press of business, like lawyers, policy-makers, mortgage brokers and hedge fund managers, become "bent and stunted" and they are compelled "to do crooked things". The pettifogger is undoubtedly successful, wealthy and extraordinarily honey-tongued, but, Socrates adds, "small in his soul and shrewd and a shyster. " The philosopher, by contrast, is free by virtue of his or her other-worldliness, by their capacity to fall into wells and appear silly.
A. The philosopher’s clumsiness in worldly affairs makes him appear stupid, or, "gives the impression of plain silliness. " We are left with a rather Monty Pythonesque definition of the philosopher: the one who is silly.
B. The lawyer is compelled to present a case in court and time is of the essence. In Greek legal proceedings, a strictly limited amount of time was allotted for the presentation of cases. Time was measured with a water clock or clepsydra, which literally steals time, as in the Greek kleptes, a thief or embezzler. The pettifogger, the jury, and by implication the whole society, live with the constant pressure of time. The water of time’s flow is constantly threatening to drown them.
C. But the basic contrast here is that between the lawyer, who has no time, or for whom time is money, and the philosopher, who takes time. The freedom of the philosopher consists in either moving freely from topic to topic or simply spending years returning to the same topic out of perplexity, fascination and curiosity.
D. It is our hope that some of them will make the time to read The Stone. As Wittgenstein says, "This is how philosophers should salute each other: ’ Take your time. ’
E. Socrates believes that the philosopher neither sees nor hears the so-called unwritten laws of the city, that is, the mores and conventions that govern public life. The philosopher will disregard the societal titles given to a person.
F. As Alfred North Whitehead said, philosophy is a series of footnotes to Plato. Let me risk adding a footnote by looking at Plato’s provocative definition of the philosopher that appears in the middle of his dialogue, " Theaetetus, " in a passage that some scholars consider a " digression". But far from being a footnote to a digression, I think in this moment Plato tells us something hugely important about what a philosopher is and what philosophy does.
【R4】
选项
答案
C
解析
上一段结尾“As We know, in philosophy appearances can be deceptive. ”,即在哲学上表象往往具有欺骗性,这一段继续讨论苏格拉底提出的问题,根据“But”一词判断,是从另外一个角度,故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vnPd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby______.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?
Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby______.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneu
Theautumnrainshadcomeinwithtwoangrystorms,andLazyRiverwaswakingup.Inaweekschool(31)beclosedforEastervac
______hotweathermaycauseserioushealthproblemsassociatedwithairpollution?______thedeadlyheatwavecankillpeople?
Itwasamomentmostbusinessexecutiveswouldpausetosavor:latelastyear,GermansportinggoodspioneerAdidaslearnedthat
WhatwasSteve’sattitudetowardswomenwhowrotelovestories?HelenthoughtStevemightnotbecontentofStrettonbecause___
A=RotherhitheB=BarnesC=WillesdenD=King’sCrossWhichcity…usedtohavelotofproblemssuchasdrugs,streetcrime,
Itwasamomentmostbusinessexecutiveswouldpausetosavor:latelastyear,GermansportinggoodspioneerAdidaslearnedthat
Austerityisawordoftenfoundonthelipsofpoliticiansandeconomistsatthemoment,butitisseldomheardfromtechnologis
随机试题
行政复议是具有一定司法性的行政行为。()
相传道教由秦时老子创立的,因他写的《道德经》而得名。()
在Word2010表格中,既能水平方向合并单元格,也能垂直方向合并单元格。
房地产开发公司对商品住宅的保修期从商品住宅()之日起计算。
根据《规划环境影响评价技术导则总纲》(HJ130-2019),生态环境准入清单指基于环境管控单元,统筹考虑()的管控要求,以清单形式提出的空间布局、污染物排放、环境风险防控、资源开发利用等方面生态环境准入要求。
银行保证金台账的“空转”是指企业为开展加工贸易在指定的中国银行开设保证金台账,但并不向银行交纳保证金的台账运作方式。()
财政处理经济问题的方式具有()。
()是二战后法国年鉴学派的第二代领袖和史学大师。
Throughoutthe19thcenturyandintothe20th,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedon
A、 B、 C、 D、 C1986年10月美国国家标准局颁布了SQL语言的美国标准,称为SQL86。1987年6月,国际标准组织将SQL采纳为关系数据库的国际标准。
最新回复
(
0
)