2. 外语
  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or o

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问题       Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories  【21】______   on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior  【22】______   they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through  【23】______   with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in  【24】______   to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status  【25】______   as a rejection of middle-class values.
       Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,
【26】______   the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes  【27】______   lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are  【28】______   to criticism.
      Changes in the social structure may indirectly  【29】______   juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that  【30】______   to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment  【31】______   make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in  【32】______   lead more youths into criminal behavior.
      Families have also  【33】______   changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;  【34】______   , children are likely to have less supervision at home  【35】______   was common in the traditional family  【36】______   . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence  on juvenile crime rates. Other  【37】______   causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased  【38】______   of drugs and alcohol, and the growing  【39】______   of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a ’criminal act,  【40】______   a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【22】
选项 A、before
B、unless
C、until
D、because
答案D
解析 本句意为以个人为中心主题的理论认为，青少年进行犯罪活动是因为他们没有为先前错误的行为受到足够的惩罚，或者是他们之间相互影响形成犯罪行为。通过空格前后的逻辑关系判断，前后是因果关系，故选D 。
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