We understand critical thinking to be purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation

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问题     We understand critical thinking to be purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based. Critical thinking is essential as a tool of inquiry. As such, critical thinking is a liberating force in education and a powerful resource in one’s personal and civic life. While not synonymous with good thinking, critical thinking is a pervasive and self-rectifying human phenomenon. The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit. Educating good critical thinkers combines developing critical thinking skills with nurturing those dispositions which consistently yield useful insights and which are the basis of a rational society.

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答案 我们认为审辨式思维是目标明确、自我调节的判断过程。通过这个过程。人们对作为判断基础的证据、概念、方法或背景方面的考虑因素做出解释、分析、评价、推断和说明。作为一种探究工具,审辨式思维至关重要。作为探究工具,审辨式思维是教育的解放力量,是个人和公民生活中的强大资源。虽然并不等同于好思维,但审辨式思维是人类社会的一种普遍的自我矫正现象。理想的审辨式思考者有好奇提问的习惯,博闻广识、信赖理智、思想开明、灵活柔韧、评估公正,能诚实地面对个人偏见、慎于判断、乐于斟酌、通晓世务、应对复杂事务时有条不紊,勤于查找有关信息,能合理选择评判标准,调查过程中十分专注,执着探寻所作调查的主题和环境所允许的最精确结果。要培养慎思明辨的思考者,就要把培养审辨思维技巧和培育品性结合起来,要注重培育一贯产生有益的深刻见解且已成为理性社会基础的那些品性。

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