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  3. Bullying has always existed in schools. In recent years, a better understanding of the traumatic effects it can have on its vict

Bullying has always existed in schools. In recent years, a better understanding of the traumatic effects it can have on its vict

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问题    Bullying has always existed in schools. In recent years, a better understanding of the traumatic effects it can have on its victims has increasingly highlighted how damaging a phenomenon bullying is. It can lead to serious psychological problems, like depression and even suicide. Should the bullies themselves in school face the force of the law? The following are opinions from different sides. Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should:
   1.   summarize briefly the different opinions;
   2.   give your comment.
   Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
   Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
   Excerpt
   Graeve: Individuals should only be held responsible for the consequences of their own actions. In any free and democratic society, criminal law should only hold people accountable for the things they do, not for the actions of others. We are all autonomous, moral agents who make decisions and have to live with their consequences and the consequences of our actions. While it might be justified to punish bullies for their bullying behavior, if it breaks the law, we cannot hold them accountable for another person’s decision to commit suicide.
   Mona: The law should always punish actions that inflict serious harm—whether physical or psychological. Bullying can inflict serious psychological harm on its victims, especially in the case of young people. It leads to low self-esteem, depression, and for some kids it leads to suicide. Bullied children are almost 6 times more likely to think about or attempt suicide. This phenomenon has been termed "bullycide" and the law should recognize it. Many forms of behavior that result in the death of another person are criminal, from murder to negligence. It is the duty of the law to brand such behavior as unacceptable, deter future incidents, punish the perpetrators, and offer comfort to victims.
   Jose: Defining bullying would be nearly impossible. Spreading rumors, giving someone the silent treatment, inviting all your classmates but one to a party, expressing a religious belief about someone’s sexuality, eye rolling, making faces, these can all be hurtful and perceived as bullying. Yet this is perfectly legal behavior. Criminalizing bullying would amount to criminalizing these acts. They may be offensive, they may even be hurtful, but these gestures should never, ever constitute criminal behavior in any society that is concerned with human rights, freedom of speech, and of expression. Throwing someone in prison for spreading rumors or eye rolling might be worthy of a totalitarian state, but not a liberal democracy.
   Andrew: The bully’s intentions are irrelevant. In criminal law, the establishment of culpability(过失 ) does not always depend on the intentions of the perpetrator(犯罪者). If, during a fight on a train platform, I shove someone and that person falls on the tracks and is killed by a train, I will be guilty of manslaughter, whether I intended to kill the person or not, because the harm caused by my actions is so great. The same applies to bullying. Bullies try to hurt their victims through their actions, either physically or psychologically. Whether the bully intended the victim to die or not, is irrelevant. The bully’s actions were responsible for the victim taking his own life.
   Josheh; It is difficult to make a direct, legally sound link between a bully’s behavior and a victim’s suicide. Many of the children and adolescents who take their own lives allegedly as a result of bullying have a far more complicated background. Some already struggle with depression, and have unstable family situations that make it hard to turn to their parents for help with their problems.
选项
答案 Should the Bullies in School Face the Force of the Law? Recent statistics show that a majority of students suffer from bullying to different degrees in their academic careers. Should the bullies shoulder the responsibility of facing the judgment of the law for their actions? Definitely, actions of bullies are considered criminal as they meet requirements for the infringement of human rights, or illegal actions, and deliberate intentions to harm. Those who argue for the caution towards legislation on bullying assert that individuals shall only take the consequences of their own actions instead of any others’. Still, in the exertion of the jurisdiction, more concerns have been given to the definition of bullying actions and the clarification of causal relations between bullying actions and victims’ sufferings, in case human beings’ another right, freedom of speech, is infringed. On the contrary, advocates argue that bullies shall take the judgment of the law for their actions’ catastrophic consequences on the victims. In my opinion, bullies should bear legal responsibilities for the consequences of their own actions. To begin with, the four types of bullying, verbal, physical, psychological and cyber bullying, deprive the victims of their basic human rights. Secondly, bullying causes the victim to suffer mild or severe trauma. What’s worse, because of the unpleasant experiences of being bullied in school, some students perceive the world around themselves as irredeemably dangerous, hostile, and confusing in later adulthood. Lastly, bullies hold an intention to harm, which suggests that the harm caused by bullying is deliberate, not accidental. Bullies are supposed to have the personality of aggression, motivated by the perceived benefits of their aggressive behavior, such as dominating, or gaining support from the peers. From the above-mentioned discussion, we can draw the conclusion that bullies are supposed to take legal responsibilities due to their infringement of others’ rights, the victims’ subsequent sufferings and the deliberate intentions involved.
解析    本题讨论校园欺凌者是否应该受到法律制裁的问题，命题是校园生活的焦点。本题要求简要概括所给材料中的两种观点，并发表自己的看法。在具体的写作过程中，考生可以开篇点明社会现象，并提出论点：必须对校园欺凌者实施法律制裁；第二段简要阐述正反两种观点；第三段重点阐述自己对这一问题的看法，并说明理由；最后一段总结全文，重申观点。
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