首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour"were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on mode
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour"were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on mode
admin
2013-04-17
33
问题
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour"were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world’s movement towards industrialisation. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts of needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
The author appears to be very critical of______.
选项
A、family firm owners
B、shareholders
C、managers
D、landowners
答案
B
解析
主旨题。(最受作者批评的是)股东。根据全文内容可推论出此答案。全文主要是关于shareholders的出现而产生的新的劳资关系,因此作者不可能去批评别其他人,譬如选项[A]、[C]、[D]所提及的family firm owners,managers或landowners。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wSxd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Inthelateyearsofthenineteenthcentury,"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganisations
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,【21】______aboutthefuture.Th
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,【21】______aboutthefuture.Th
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,【21】______aboutthefuture.Th
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,【21】______aboutthefuture.Th
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,【21】______aboutthefuture.Th
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives,【21】______aboutthefuture.Th
Inthe18thcentury,NewYorkwassmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston.TodayitisthelargestcityinAmerica.Howtoexplain
Inthe18thcentury,NewYorkwassmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston.TodayitisthelargestcityinAmerica.Howtoexplain
Inthe18thcentury,NewYorkwassmallerthanPhiladelphiaandBoston.TodayitisthelargestcityinAmerica.Howtoexplain
随机试题
BENET公司的网络结构如下图所示,已在网关中正确设置DNAT策略将局域网内的Web服务器发布到Internet,则当从Internet中的客户机61.134.58.29访问网站www,benet.com时,网站服务器192.168.0.2收到的HTTPQ
女,63岁,绝经后不规则阴道流血2个月。可选用哪些影像学检查
德国牧羊犬,6岁,疾病发作时突然出现抽搐、口吐白沫、意识消失,然后很快恢复正常,平时工作时无任何症状,该犬所患疾病可能是
控制幕墙内在质量的关键是()。
按照单位工程量和劳动定额中的时间定额计算出的基本用工数量为15工日,超运距用工数量为3工日,辅助用工数量为2工日,人工幅度差系数为10%,则人工幅度差用工数量为()工日。
WindowsXP窗口选择命令菜单项中含有各种符号标记,如勾标记、圆点标记等。其中勾标记又被称为单选标记。()
元认知是于1976年由弗拉维尔提出来的,它由三方面内容组成,即元认知知识、元认知体验和_____。
组织人事部门考查是选拔任用党务管理干部的第一道程序。()
结合材料回答问题:材料1病毒突袭而至,疫情来势汹汹,人民生命安全和身体健康面临严重威胁。我们坚持人民至上、生命至上,以坚定果敢的勇气和坚忍不拔的决心,同时间赛跑、与病魔较量,迅速打响疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战,用1个多月的时间初步遏制疫
A、Takesomemoneytothehousingoffice.B、Informthedirectorofstudenthousinginaletter.C、Filloutaforminthelibrary.
最新回复
(
0
)