首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, is focusing on ma
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, is focusing on ma
admin
2011-01-02
52
问题
WHO, working closely with its Member States, other United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations, is focusing on major crippling forms of malnutrition: protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency disorders, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia.
In some regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, stagnation of nutritional improvement combined with a rapid rise in population has resulted in an actual increase in the total number of malnourished children. Currently, over two-thirds of the world’s malnourished children live in Asia, followed by Africa and Latin America.
Various types of micronutrient malnutrition are important causes of disability in themselves and often underlie other types of morbidity. Their prevalence is even more widespread than that of protein-energy malnutrition.
In sheer numbers, iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency, with nearly 1,990 million people being anemic and 3,600 million iron-deficient. Iron deficiency is present when body iron stores are depleted.
Mainly women of reproductive age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency, with prevalences hovering around 50% in developing countries. Among various regions of the world, it is south Asia which is hit hardest with prevalences reaching 80% in some countries. In infants and young children even mild anaemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development. In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased absenteeism and accidents at work. During pregnancy, maternal anaemia aggravates the effects of hemorrhage at childbirth and is a major contributing factor to maternal mortality.
While there is no single remedy, a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best. Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals. Iron fortification of foods, particularly of staple cereals, is practiced in a growing number of countries. Iron supplementation is the most common approach, particularly for pregnant women.
Another major problem is iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Iodine deficiency remains the single greatest cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation worldwide. WHO estimated in 1990 that 1,570 million people, or about 30% of the world’s population, were at risk of IDD.
Insufficient intakes of iodine in pregnancy and early childhood result in impaired mental development of young children. Even marginal deficiency may reduce a child’s mental development by as much as 10 IQ points.
The third major micronutrient deficiency is vitamin A deficiency which is officially recognized in 76 countries as a major public health problem. The number of children under five affected clinically is estimated at 2.8 million, with 258 million being diagnosed as having a biochemical deficiency. The highest prevalence and numbers are in Southeast Asia.
Depletion occurs when the diet contains too little vitamin A to replace the amount used by tissues. The consequences include night blindness and the destruction of the cornea, Vitamin A deficiency is the most common cause of blindness in young children. Where clinical vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem, young child mortality rates are raised by 20% to 30%.
There are several tried and tested ways of preventing and treating vitamin A deficiency, including improved production and consumption of foods rich in vitamin A or carotene, especially dark-green leafy vegetables and fruits, and liver, eggs and milk products if available. Fortification of fats has been successfully introduced in industrialized countries while the same technique using sugar proved to be equally successful in Central America. Another useful strategy is supplementation with large doses of vitamin A every 4 to 6 months for children of pre-school age and lactating women.
The author elaborates on all of the following forms of malnutrition EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、protein-energy malnutrition
B、iodine deficiency disorders
C、vitamin A deficiency
D、iron deficiency anaemia
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xKlO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
1 ApanelofthegreatandthegoodfromEuropeandtheUnitedStatesrecentlydrewupanelegantblueprintforremakingtheAt
Thefamous_____GoldRushbeganintheU.S.inthemid-nineteencentury.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTafreemorpheme?
1 InthedaysoftheRoses,Francewasstillasortofsemi-detachedpartofEngland,acountrymuchlessforeigntoanEnglish
Afterhavingassuredtheirreturnjourney,thewriterandhiscompanioncouldconcentrateoncollectingandfilmanimals.Decidi
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknow
WhatdoesChristmascommemorate?
根据“十五”期间的形势和任务,《纲要》提出今后五年经济和社会发展的主要目标是:国民经济保持较快发展速度,经济结构战略性调整取得明显成效,经济增长质量和效益显著提高,为到2010年国内生产总值比2000年翻一番奠定坚实基础。国有企业建立现代企业制度取得重大进
当前,世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展,科学技术突飞猛进,给亚洲的发展带来薪的机遇,也带来新的挑战。亚洲有49个国家和地区,大部分是发展中经济体。经济全球化,有利于它们更多地获得资金,尤其是跨国企业的投资,加快经济发展和结构调整,有利于它们更好地利用自身优势
Sincethestartofthisyear,Google’ssharepricehasfallensteadilyasinvestorshavebeguntofretaboutitslonger-termpro
随机试题
《陌上桑》的主要内容是写
用平车搬运腰椎骨折病人,下列措施哪项不妥
如图11-31所示三铰拱AB杆的内力为:
下列关于投资项目流动资金及其估算的表述中,正确的有()。
简要叙述工厂设计资料在评估中的作用。
影响市场利率以及利率期货价格的经济因素包括()。
某会计事务所的高级项目经理近几年离职率上升,明显超出同行业离职率,这是关键职位,工作繁重,经常加班出差,专业要求高,需要多年经验和团队领导力,招聘到合格的人才很难。过高离职率使公司损失很大,经市场薪酬调查,该职总体薪酬水平和竞争对手相差无几。如果要让薪
Oneproblemwithmuchpersonalityresearchisthatitexaminesandrateswhatevertraitstheresearchersareinterestedinatth
OnFeb.2,2007,theUnitedNationsscientificpanelstudyingclimatechangedeclaredthattheevidenceofawarmingtrendis
A、Becauseimmigrantsmisstheirnativecuisine.B、Becauseimmigrantsarefondofcooking.C、BecauseimmigrantshateAmericanfoo
最新回复
(
0
)