首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
admin
2023-03-07
43
问题
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations, approximately 3.7 billion people will inhabit urban areas some 10 years later. As cities grow, so do the number of buildings that characterize them: office towers, factories, shopping malls and high-rise apartment buildings. These structures depend on artificial ventilation systems to keep clean and cool air flowing to the people inside. We know these systems by the term "air-conditioning"
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the circulation of air inside a closed environment—such as an office building—can spread disease or expose occupants to harmful chemicals.
One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which first recognized in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the system’s cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases due to poor design. This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the rapid growth of disease carrying bacteria originating from outside the building, where it existed in liarmless quantities. The warm, bacteria-laden air was combined with cooled conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust
ducts
. Cases of Legionnaire’s disease are becoming fewer with newer system designs and modifications to older systems, but many older buildings, particularly in developing countries, require constant monitoring.
The ways in which air-conditioners work to "clean" the air can inadvertently cause health problems, too. One such way is with the use of an electrostatic precipitator, which removes dust and smoke particles from the air. What precipitators also do, however, is to emit large quantities of positive air ions into the ventilation system. A growing number of studies show that overexposure to positive air ions can result in headaches, fatigue and feelings of irritation.
Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In older systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria and fungi which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed antibodies to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. Chemical disinfectants, called "biocides", that are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds such as pentachlorophenol, which is strongly linked to abdominal cancers.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also adversely affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or work environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37° C, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater susceptibility to diseases such as colds and flu.
The word "hazards" underlined in Paragraph 2 means _____.
选项
A、cases
B、incidents
C、diseases
D、risks
答案
D
解析
hazards意为“危险,危害”。从后面句中的spread disease和harmful chemicals也可判断出hazards是对人有害的,故选D“危险,隐患”。同时排除A“例子;箱子”、B“意外,事件”和C“疾病,病痛”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xXcD777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)describethechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Yous
Overthecourseofmanyyears,withoutmakinganygreatfussaboutit,theauthoritiesinNewYorkdisabledmostofthecontrol
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave【C1】________thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedi
Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsugge
Justsevenyearsago,theTexasLegislatureprescribedthatallhighschoolersmustpasstwomathcoursesandgeometrytogradua
Thenewsaboutvitaminskeepsgettingworse.Manystudiespublishedinthelastfewyearsshowsthatavarietyofpopularsupple
Childrenneedexercise.Parentsoftenworrythat【C1】________timeforathleticsorevenforjustplayingontheJungleJimisgoi
InApril,BritishresearchersatUniversityCollegeLondonfoundthat,ratherthantherecommendedfive,sevendailyportionsof
AlbertEinstein,whosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravelthesecretsoftheatomandoftheuniverse,waschosen
Themovementofthesuncreatesperiodsof________.
随机试题
马克思主义认为,民族解放运动的前途有______、______。
对于流窜犯的最长拘留时间是多少天?( )
某县公安局刑警队接到群众报案,在某一水库的水面上发现一具漂浮的尸体。刑警队马上派人赶到现场勘验、检查,以收集证据。根据规定,公安人员收集的证据能够将案件事实证明到何等程度时,公安机关就应当对此案立案侦查?( )
法国是美食之国,非常讲究酒水与菜肴的搭配,以下正确的选项是()。
我国于()年正式颁布《幼儿园工作规程》。
中国传统文化中,对孕妇及产后妇女提出了诸多禁忌,如忌风、忌水、忌口等等,如今这类禁忌与时俱进。又加了一条“忌辐射”。那银光闪闪的防辐射服,已经成为中国孕妇的“标配”。最近有专家却称.防辐射服没必要穿,其根本就不能起到防辐射的作用。下列各项如果为真.哪项能够
公车上书
【2008-47】作为教师,不一定要有明确的教育目的,但必须要有明确的教学目标。
平均利润率形成的过程,同时就是()
Whydidn’tpeoplebegintouseunmannedvehiclesinunderseaexplorationuntilrecently?Itisbecauseofthe______.Why
最新回复
(
0
)