2. 外语
  3. Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this【C1】

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this【C1】

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问题     Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this【C1】________, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
    To the professional anthropologist (人类学家) , there is no intrinsic【C2】________of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy (等级制度) among languages.
    People once thought of the languages of backward groups as【C3】________and undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the【C4】________of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or【C5】________structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which【C6】________the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted:
    1. All languages seem to【C7】________the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system.
    2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly【C8】________and complicated. This study of language, in turn,【C9】________a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed【C10】________, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
    A) savage           F) grammatical       K) exclusive
    B) superiority      G) reflect           L) casts
    C) conceive         H) reveals           M) sense
    D) transfer         I) numerous          N) confidentially
    E) identification   J) independently     O) possess
【C9】
选项
答案L
解析 分析句子结构可知，该空缺少一个动词，且应为第三人称单数形式，因为前面的主语是this study。符合上述语法条件的单词有casts(投射；铸造)和reveals(揭示)两个。结合语境，本句的大意是“对于语言的研究反过来让人们对人类学家的断言有了新的认识”，因此，只有casts符合。cast a new light on／upon意为“使人们对……有新的认识”。
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