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  3. In a new research paper, "Digital Language Death", mathematical linguist Andras Kornai asks what languages are endangered online

In a new research paper, "Digital Language Death", mathematical linguist Andras Kornai asks what languages are endangered online

admin2019-03-19  92
问题     In a new research paper, "Digital Language Death", mathematical linguist Andras Kornai asks what languages are endangered online and in usage on electronic devices.
    Three main warning signs alert concerned researchers about the danger to a language:
    First, there is loss of function, seen whenever other languages take over entire functional areas such as commerce. Next, there is loss of prestige, especially clearly reflected in the attitudes of the younger generation. Finally, there is loss of competence, manifested by the emergence of "semi-speakers" who still understand the older generation, but adopt a drastically simplified (reanalyzed) version of the grammar.
    Kornai notes that the same foreshadowing applies to language use on digital devices. But whereas researchers are used to watching for languages in decline, in the digital case, the question is whether languages can undergo the opposite process and establish themselves as viable options for digital use. Is it possible to fully communicate online in that language? Is it seen as a digital language? Can one become a digital native within that language?
    People around the world speak over 6,000 languages, so the challenge facing Kornai was how to measure whether each language was making the leap into the digital age. Some of the means he used to measure languages’ online presence and vitality include crawling public online text to get at the size of online material in each language, measuring the number of Wikipedia entries in each language, and looking for the level of software support in each language—from Apple support to spell checkers to its presence in the Unicode standard and other databases that allow electronic devices to actually recognize a language.
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答案 在一份题为“数字语言之死”的最新研究报告中，数理语言学家安德拉斯.科奈提出了这样一个问题：哪些在网络以及电子设备上使用的语言已濒危? 当一种语言面临危险时，它会向相关研究者发出三个重要的警示信号： 首先是语言的功能缺失，这种情况出现在其他语言接管整个功能领域(如商业)时。其次是语言声望的丧失，这在年轻一代的态度上尤其明显。最后是语言能力的丧失，这主要表现为出现了“半操用者”，他们依然能理解老一辈人的语言，却采用了一个彻底简化(再分析版)的语法版本。 科奈指出，这些危险信号同样适用于在数字设备上使用的语言。虽然研究人员习惯关注语言的衰退，但对数字语言来说，问题则变成了语言能否经历相反的过程，并且成为数字化应用的可行项。网络交流完全使用这种语言可行吗?在人们眼中，它是一种数字语言吗?在该语言中，人能成为数字原住民吗? 全世界语言种类超过6000种，因此科奈面临的挑战是如何衡量每种语言是否跨入数字时代。他采用了一些手段来测量语言的网络使用率和活跃状态，其中包括抓取公共网络文本以计算每种语言的在线语料规模，统计每种语言的维基百科词目数量，以及探究每种语言的软件支持程度，如苹果技术支持的情况、拼写检查器识别的情况以及在万国码标准和其他允许电子设备识别语言的数据库中出现的频率。
解析     安德拉斯.科奈问的问题引出了此篇文章，故而是这句话的重点，翻译时需突出强调。译文使用“提出了这样一个问题”引出问题，将原句what引导的宾语从句处理为中文的同位语从句，内容以及结构都更清晰。
    这句话中，动词crawl并非指“爬行”，搜索引擎为了正确而完整地抓取材料和信息，会利用爬虫程序抓取网络数据并把这些数据存人数据库，因此这里译为“抓取”更准确。破折号之后是对前面情况的列举，故以“如”连接句子。
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